Examination Paper of Business Communication Essay

Examination Paper MM.100 Subject Code-B-109 Business Communication Section A: Objective Type & Short Questions (30 marks) ï‚ ·This section consists of multiple choices and Short Notes type questions. ï‚ ·Answer all the questions. ï‚ ·Part one questions carry 1 mark each & Part Two questions carry 4 marks each. Part one: Multiple choices: 1.__________is an essential function of Business Organizations: a. Information b. Communication c. Power d. None of the above 2. Physiological Barriers of listening are: a. Hearing impairment b. Physical conditions c. Prejudices d. All of the above 3.Which presentation tend to make you speak more quickly than usual: a. Electronic b. Oral c. Both „a‟ and „b‟ d. None of the above 4. What is the main function of Business Communication: a. Sincerity b. Positive language c. Persuasion d. Ethical standard 5. The responsibilities of the office manager in a firm that produces electronics spares is: a. Everything in the office runs efficiently b. Furniture and other equipment in the office is adequate c. Processing all the incoming official mail and responding to some d. All of the above 6.Labov‟s Storytelling Model based on: a. Communication through speech b. Language learning c. Group Discussions d. None of the above 7. Diagonal Communication is basically the: a.Communication across boundaries b.Communication between the CEO and the managers c.Communication through body language d.Communication within a department 8.How to make Oral Communication Effective? a.By Clarity b.By Brevity c.By Right words d.All of the above 9. Direct Eye contact of more than 10 seconds can create: a.Discomfort & Anxiety b.Emotional relationship between listeners and speakers c.Excitement d.None of the above 10. Encoding means: a.Transmission b.Perception c.Ideation d.None of the above Part Two: 1. Define 7C‟s of effective communication. The 7C’s of effective communication is the seven term starting with the letter C which makes communication more understanding, valuable and effective. They are:- Courtesy & Consideration – To improve relationship Completeness & Consistency- To introduce stability Clarity – To make comprehension better Concreteness – Reinforcing confidence Credibility- for building trust Conciseness – Saves time Correctness – for building confidence 2. Explain ‘Space Language’. Space language is how we communicate with the space around us. The space around its content and the people surrounding around the organisation differ to convey a definite meaning. For example, the personal space such as the office environment, defined for higher ranked workers differs from that of lower ranked workers in terms of comfort in seating and settings. 3. Differentiate between good listeners and bad listeners. Good listener Bad listener Finds opportunity and ask question Tunes out dry subject Does not judge until he understands fully and interrupts only to clarify Argumentative in approach Listens for central themes Listen for facts More flexible in its approach to taking notes Less flexible approach to taking notes Fights/avoids distraction and tolerates bad habit and knows how to concentrate Distracted easily Exercise the mind by working on heavier material Seeks light material Interprets emotional without getting hung up Reacts to emotional words 4. List the different types of business report. Business reports can be classified based on the purpose of preparation: a)Routine Reports:- Progress reports Inspection reports Performance Appraisals Periodical reports b) Special Reports Investigation Reports Survey/feasibility reports First information reports Business Reports can also be classified based on content of report such as: Informational reports Analytical reports 5. Define ‘Kinesics’. Kinesics is the interpretation of body language such as facial expressions and gestures or, more formally, non-verbal behaviour related to movement, either of any part of the body or the body as a whole. ‘Kinesics’ means body movements. Using these movements or body language, communication is possible. It can reflect thought, feelings and position. Examples of body language are blinking our eyes, nodding our head or waving our hand. Kinesics is important for communication since it is a form of communication the receiver of the communication can interpret and can act on. For example, the nodding of the head can be a response such as ‘yes’ and the waiving of a hand can mean ‘move’. However one of disadvantage of kinesics is that sometimes the body language can be wrongly interpreted to represent the wrong information received by the receiver from the sender. This barrier communication with kinesics is an issue can be synonymous as having a breakdo wn in communication and also since it is non-verbal, ‘kinesics’ can also be a hindrant to communication if overemphasised in its use. However Kinesics can be a facilitator to communication if it is used in an efficient and conformed way. A typical example is the use of giving signs such as  Ã¢â‚¬ËœHand signals’ on the road by traffic officers to facilitate traffic flow. In Organisations and communication, ‘Kinesics’ can help to direct communication when used in conjunction with verbal communication. END OF SECTION A Examination Paper of Business Communication Section B: Caselets (40 marks) ï‚ ·This section consists of Caselets. ï‚ ·Answer all the questions. ï‚ ·Each Caselet carries 20 marks. ï‚ ·Detailed information should form the part of your answer (Word limit 150 to 200 words). Caselet 1 Mr. and Mrs. Sharma went to Woodlands Apparel to buy a shirt. Mr. Sharma did not read the price tag on the piece selected by him. At the counter, while making the payment he asked for the price. Rs. 950 was the answer. Meanwhile, Mrs. Sharma, who was still shopping came back and joined her husband. She was glad that he had selected a nice black shirt for himself. She pointed out that there was a 25% discount on that item. The counter person nodded in agreement. Mr. Sharma was thrilled to hear that â€Å"It means the price of this shirt is just Rs. 712. That’s fantastic†, said Mr. Sharma. He decided to buy one more shirt in blue color. In no time, he returned with the second shirt and asked them to be packed. When he received the cash memo for payment, he was astonished to find that he had to pay Rs. 1,900 and Rs. 1,424. Mr. Sharma could hardly reconcile himself to the fact that the counter person had quoted the discounted price which was Rs. 950. The original price prin ted on the price tag was Rs. 1,266. Questions 1. What should Mr. Sharma have done to avoid the misunderstanding? It was apparent that Mr. Sharma did not read the price tag. By reading the price tag, he would have known about the actual price.Mr. Sharma should have also  asked the counter person about the actual price of the shirt instead of relying on Mrs Sharma’s interpretation of the price. The fact that the counter person nodded when Mrs Sharma pointed out about the discount meant that there was no verbal understanding when they received their cash memo. 2. Discuss the main features involved in this case. The main features involves in this case is that the right message was not conveyed to the user. In fact, the message was ineffective to Mr. Sharma since he failed to communicate using the linear model. This meant that the sender did not encode the message by not reading the price tag and hence failed to decode and receive the message properly. This meant a breakdown in communication. Also the two-way communication did not work since the feedback was not appropriate and lead to disastrous outcome when payment receipt was given. Also body language was wrongly interpreted hence leading to failure in effective and correct response. All these features meant that there were barriers to communication leading to undesired result. Caselet 2 I don’t want to speak to you. Connect me to your boss in the US,† hissed the American on the phone. The young girl at a Bangalore call centre tried to be as polite as she could. At another call centre, another day, another young girl had a Londoner unleashing himself on her, â€Å"Young lady, do you know that because of you Indians we are losing jobs?† The outsourcing backlash is getting ugly. Handling irate callers is the new brief for the young men and women taking calls at these outsourced job centres. Supervisors tell them to be „cool‟. Avinash Vashistha, managing partner of NEOIT, a leading US-based consultancy firm says, â€Å"Companies involved in outsourcing both in the US and India are already getting a lot of hate mail against outsourcing and it is hardly surprising that some people should behave like this on the telephone.† Vashistha says Indian call centres should train their operators how to handle such calls. Indeed, the furor rais ed by the Western media over job losses because of outsourcing has made ordinary citizens there sensitive to the fact that their calls are being taken not from their midst, but in countries such as India and the Philippines. The angry outbursts the  operators face border on the racist and sexist, says the manager of a call centre in Hyderabad. But operators and senior executives of call centres refuse to go on record for fear of kicking up a controversy that might result in their companies‟ losing clients overseas. â€Å"It’s happening often enough and so let’s face it,† says a senior executive of a Gurgaon call centre, adding, â€Å"This doesn’t have any impact on business.† Questions 1) Suppose you are working as an operator in a call centre in India and receiving calls from Americans and Londoners. How would you handle such calls? Handling such calls involves effective communication to limit the misunderstanding between callers and receivers. It is crucial that the caller is handled with the best practice of effective communication and this involves basic knowledge of elements of communication process. For example, the caller is basically the sender and must be interpreted properly by the receiver who in turns encodes the message for a desired outcome. Through this channel of communication, it is important that the receiver does not give feedback which influences the sender’s moods and attitude and is not in accordance with the sender’s expectation. For example, angry outburst can sometimes be remedied by controlled ideas of reinforcement or correct ideas in the mind of the receiver. Such can be seen in examples whereby proper questions as well as words are used to the sender is asked and proper as well as correct answers is provided to eliminate doubt in the senders mind. Handling such calls inv olved having the proper mindset in terms of communication in the operators mind as well as proper training. 2) Do you agree with the view such abusive happenings on the telephone do not have any Impact on business? When communication is effective such abusive happenings will be limited although there is what we call ‘difficult customers’. Impact on business can be positive if abusive calls are turned into ‘happy successful stories’. These customers will show appreciation if they are handled with care. Whilst of course, it is not always easy to please everyone; effective communication can help build bridges between the callers and the person handling these calls. Racist remarks can sometimes be ignored and maybe misunderstood due to cultural barriers at times. Callers must be diverted to stay on the course of achieving the goal of communication and hence limit the impact on business. END OF SECTION B Section C: Applied Theory (30 marks) ï‚ ·This section consists of Applied Theory Questions. ï‚ ·Answer all the questions. ï‚ ·Each question carries 15 marks. ï‚ ·Detailed information should form the part of your answer (Word limit 200 to 250 words). ` 1.What do you understand by Communication Barriers? How and why do they occur? What can be done to overcome the Barriers to Communication? Communication barriers happen when there are negative forces affecting effective communication. Since communication is a process of transfer of ideas and expressions, it is crucial that the basic elements of communication are achieved in terms of sender and receiver via proper channels of communication. Barriers can be semantic whereby meaning of message is wrongly receipted via sender to receiver. An organizational barrier occurs when there is negative communication influence within the organization limiting effective communication. An interpersonal barrier happens upon inter-relations, values held and attitudes of individuals also limiting the correct flow and effectiveness of communication. Individual barriers also limit effective communication and are also called psycho-sociological barriers. Most of the individual barriers is due to the incom petence to process the information properly and results in negative flow of information thus providing a communication barrier. Cross-cultural barrier occurs based on cultural perception by the individual thus also limiting communication effectiveness. Physical barrier are occurring whenever there is noise, distance or any physical-related barriers limiting  the proper flow of communication. Technological barriers also affect effective communication due to the technological advancement used in disseminating the communication. In order to overcome the barriers to communication, it is vital that meaning of messages is clear, precise and not ambiguous to convey the correct meaning to the receiver. Information sent and received must not be wrongly interpretation by proper contextualising and also properly defined to achieve 100 percent transmission efficiency from sender to receiver. Organizational barriers can be limited by implementing positive communication influence with example s uch as proximity of telephones to operators and effective communication procedures in place. Interpersonal barriers can be adjusted by overcoming superior and subordinate relationship in the organization. Individual barriers can be limited by working on effective communication in interpersonal communication. Cross-cultural communication can be overcome by understanding the customs of the communicator and responding appropriately to their cultural diversity. Physical barriers need to be resolved in terms of limiting loss of content and message when sending and delivering as well as in the process of the information for an effective communication. Technological assets need to be carefully selected before being implemented to limit communication effectiveness. To overcome the barriers, the sender should know who the message is for, Why should the message be communicated, what to communicate, When to communicate the message and How and Where the message should be communicated. The recei ver should be ready to accept the message by being attentive, listening actively, clarifying and repeating where necessary and check receipt of information with sender. 1. Define and explain the term Negotiation and also briefly explain the phases of Negotiation. Negotiation is a process by which a compromise or agreement is reached while avoiding argument. In order, to achieve negotiation, one must negotiate effectively and hence use effective communication to achieve a positive end result such as a positive agreement or compromise. In order for any negotiation to be effective, individuals must achieve the best possible outcome for their position or for the organisation they represent. The  principles of fairness, seeking mutual benefit and maintaining a relationship are the keys to a successful outcome. Negotiation is important to reduce conflict and disagreement that arise from misunderstanding and ineffective communication. The process of negotiation includes the following stages: Preparation, Discussion, Clarifying goal, Negotiate towards a positive outcome, Agreement, Implementation Preparation: In order for negotiation to take place, and to be effective a decision needs to be taken as to when and where a meeting will take place to discuss the problem and who will attend. Setting a time-scale is important to prevent the disagreement continuing. The Preparation stage will help to avoid further conflict and unnecessarily wasting time during the meeting. Discussion: In the discussion stage, individuals or members of each side submit and put forward their case as they see it, i.e. their understanding of the situation. Important key skills during the discussion stage are questioning, listening and clarifying. Sometimes, notes during the discussion stage are taken to record all points put forward in case as there is need for further clarification. Clarification of goals: Based on discussion, the goals, interests and viewpoints of both parties in the disagreement need to be clarified. Through this clarification it is often possible to identify or establish common groun d. Negotiate towards a Positive outcome: A positive outcome or Win-win situation is emphasized at this stage. If such is not possible, parties will try to compromise and try not to differ as much as possible for arguments and agreements sake. Agreement: Once both sides have understood the terms of the negotiation, agreements are reached by both sides with the objectives of being clear of what has been decided and agreed upon. Implementation of a course of action: Based on the agreement, a course of action is therefore implemented to carry through the decision. Failure to achieve negotiation might involve recalling or rescheduling another meeting to re-discuss. There are instances where negotiation can be informal and these can happen when there is different in opinion or how the matter at hand is settled. The three elements that affect negotiation outcomes are: 1. Attitudes 2. Knowledge 3. Interpersonal Skills Dismissal of the negotiatiated issue can also occur if there is no solution to the negotiation. END OF SECTION C

The Golden Ages

In about the 2nd century AD. Rome had its golden age. Also, around 500 to 300 BC was the Greek golden age. They both had many achievements during they’re golden ages, and many of them have affected us today. In Rome’s golden age they made concrete and roads. This helps us today because concrete is used in many different ways. Concrete makes up most of the building structure on this earth. Before even the use of concrete for roads, it was used to make simple things, such as pots to cook in, new types of housing etc. nce buildings came into affect, jobs then formed, business started, then grew and so on. They also constructed roads. Something as simple as a roadway opened up new civilization to the early Romans. Places they never could have known about, or gotten to by foot or horse and carriage. Concrete really had the biggest impact on our infrastructure. Concrete today is still in high demand, and is still a source of employment for many people. In Greece’s golden age they made mathematics, and architecture. By them making math, it affects us today because without math, a lot of things wouldn’t be able to get done. For example bills being paid, buildings and cars being made, and even having some jobs. Mathematics started early by drawing a line each time the sun rose or set. Counting turning into simple math has changed the course of our world. Math in this era is totally different even than just 20 years ago when our parents were young. Mathematicians can even calculate weather, due to the eventual discovery of physics, they have found that math is even at the basics and almost every level of medicine and how the physiology of the body works. Archetecture started back when they used natural beautiful material to construct buildings. We have moved on to use less expensive and less beautiful materials, but have changed our architectural design. Those are some of the achievements of the Roman and Greek golden ages. Romans made concrete and roads that helped us have buildings and to get places. The Greek’s came up with mathematics, and architecture.

Border Security in the State of Texas

Border Security in the State of Texas POL/215 August 30th, 2010 Border Security in the State of Texas A problem is brewing at the southern Texas borders and it appears to be growing bigger by the minute. The acceleration of people, weapons, and drugs from Mexico are taking a toll on the economy, citizens, and the job markets in Texas. Texas concerns with the rise of violent crimes presently pouring into its southern towns and quickly moving inland believes something needs to be done quickly. The state of Texas has given millions of dollars in an attempt to subsidize and support the security forces patrolling the borders of the southern regions of Texas to no avail. As the frustration grows government and interest groups begin to assemble to iron out policies that will counteract the activities at the borders. In addition, Gov. Perry has created a Ranger Recon Team, supported by the Highway Patrol, DPS Aviation, and Texas Rangers. The Texas central region, focal point is on enterprises that harbor criminal activity, terrorism, organized crime, and violence. Gov. Perry wants Washington to step in and do their jobs to protect the borders and give 1,000 National Guardsmen to the borders (Office of the Governor Rick Perry,  n. d. ). However, the special interest groups like Federation for American Immigration Reform, Immigration Works USA, The National Council of LaRaza and the National Immigration forum are pro immigration reform. These special interest groups believe illegal immigrants have rights and support amnesty for these illegals. The special interest fighting for amnesty believe the issues concerning, not knowing who is entering the country, why are they entering, what are they doing after entering, and when are they leaving, believes a plan of legalization for undocumented immigrants could be the solution for these growing questions. Whereas, the U. S. Border Watch, a citizens’ action group determined to bring about security on this nations borders, stop the invasion of illegal immigrants, and to secure this nation from terrorists. U. S. Border Watch simply wants the elected officials in Washington to secure the borders by enforcing the laws already created and not create new laws to override the existing ones(U. S. Border Watch,  2005-2008). Unlike Immigration Works USA and other interest groups of this type who lobby the federal government with spending exceeding 1. million. U. S. Border Watch existence does not depend upon lobbyists but on donations and volunteers. The volunteers patrol the border region until such a time Washington provides funds to protect these border regions. The United States representatives elected to the region affected by the onset of illegals supported a $701 million bill, which would bring security to the borders did not pass. The Senate Republicans denied the bill. The $701 million included i n a war supplemental bill, which was sought by President Barack Obama. President Obama also announced it would include deployment of 1,200 National Guard troops (Valley Freedom Newpapers, 2010). The funding for border security denied by the Republicans because cuts were not made to other programs to offset spending eventually passed on July 28, 2010 because the $701 million bill became a stand-alone bill and the South Texas Congressmen did receive funding for the region affected by the lack of border security. Bear in mind exactly what will be affected if America does not wake up and smell the coffee. Economically speaking, the more The United States continues to hire undocumented workers the worse the economy will be. The United States will have much more American’s out of work seeking unemployment, losing homes, the homeless population will grow, the increase in violence (as seen on TV) and most of all with all the undocumented workers not paying taxes but access the privileges of the taxpayer there will not be any sustainable income to run the United States. Terrorist, for example, are said to be in Mexico and have visited this country on several occasions. If the concern is about all the undocumented workers in the United States and the terrorist who can stroll into the United States at will, just imagine what will happen if secure borders are not an option. Unsecured borders will have a serious economic effect on the United States there must be a plan to increase border protection and it must be now. The $701 million bill, which has passed in the senate, will not be enough it is only a start. References Office of the Governor Rick Perry. (n. d. ). Governing Principle. Retrieved from http://governor. state. tx. us/highlight/border/ U. S. Border Watch. (2005-2008). Working to Keep America Safe. Retrieved from http://usborderwatch. com/ Valley Freedom Newspaper, July 30 2010, South Texas congressmen get border security funding http://www. spislandbreeze. com/articles/border-10830-texas-funding. html

Media and Corporate Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media and Corporate Responsibility - Essay Example A corporation is more or less like a monster with several heads, where one head can be saying something that sounds very good and the other head can be doing something else that purely contradicts what was said earlier. Any corporation's main motive is to make profits. The only problem with profit making motive is that there is no such thing as "enough". Every act of the corporation undertaken in pursuit of maximizing profits is termed as "logical" or "rational". For instance, prosperous corporate giants taking advantage of cheap labor of starving people from under developed countries is considered pragmatic. The capitalistic world even manages to justify these acts as legitimate, a kind of boon granted to the down trodden. But how many of these corporations actually consider the legitimacy involved in the severe working conditions provided to those workers or the fairness involved in the proportion of the worker's pay to the profit earned by the corporation from such activities In the name of maximizing profits, corporations have become extremely deceitful without having any concern for the safety of others. For instance, many commercial dairies treat their cows with certain hormone in order to increase milk production. Though this method has been claimed to be harmless, it has neither been safe for the humans consuming this milk nor has it been easy for the cows. The cows, termed as "production units" by such dairies, experience painful effects such as broken limbs due to calcium deficiency and even early death as a result of these artificial methods. There are many corporations that use synthetic chemicals in their products which cause cancer, birth defects and other toxic effects. Most corporations are mendacious to such an extent that they do not even reveal the true test results of these products. The saddest part of this tragic situation is that these untruthful corporations, over the years, have totally lost the capacity to experience any guilt for their insensitive activities. Well-known companies and brands such as McDonald's, Nike, Adidas, Shell, and Barclays top the list of unethical companies. Such companies have no respect for any legal or social norms. They continue to break such norms and consider the compensation paid later on as an act of justification. But no compensation, irrespective of the amount involved, can actually compensate for the disaster caused by most of these unethical acts. There is no doubt about the fact that the corporations, though functioning with a self-centered motive, are producing other social benefits. But the self-centered motive has converted these corporations into Einstein's monster that has become so big that it has overpowered the people who initially created it. A corporation may be considered as a person in the eyes of law, but the fact still holds well that it is a person without a soul. Media Responsibility The media occupies a privileged position in modern society. But more than simply seeking out truth and reporting it to an otherwise ignorant populace, the Media themselves have an active role in influencing and shaping public opinion. That is why it is so very disturbing that any media might

HRD, Learning Theory Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HRD, Learning Theory - Research Paper Example In the work of Mason & Reynolds (2002), Thorndike’s works can be indicted to have had its history on the need by man to have animals learn from taught behaviors. This correlates with trial and error learning that indicates that animals learn through trial and errors. Tomlinson, (1997) indicates that animals will skillfully learn through repeating behaviors that will lead to rewarding and avoid ones that lead to punishment. As a lecturer and psychologist at Columbia University, where he researched on psychology of animal knowledge and educational psychology, Thorndike’s learning theory focuses on the role of the environment in the formation of responses in the course of learning and training (Happy, 2012). If a desired behavior is evident, then learning can be indicated to have occurred. Thorndike defines learning as an interaction between various stimulus and responses in an environment (Tomlinson, 1997). In the classroom setting, the educator is able to impact change in the learners by providing them with a token of appreciation each time they give the correct answer in a test. The educator may set a limit that would check for the achievers of that target. This will reinforce the learners towards working to a specific goal so as to attain the price. In the event of continuous and consistent rewarding, the learners end up cooperating in the learning process by all means so as to attain the set target. Happy (2012) refers the reward as stimulus which stimulates learning activities such as feeling towards the subject taught, thoughts of succession and capturing sense of need to acquire something new in the learning environment. Of essence, one would argue that the extent of the connection between the responses determines the extent in which the reaction will have a long-term effect on the objects. Thorndike is also of the opinion that through constant exercise, it is probable that the connection

Organisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organisation - Essay Example Introduction Securing the effectiveness of organizational strategies is one of the most critical challenges for managers in modern businesses. On the other hand, the elimination of threats in a firm’s environment is not feasible. This means that failures cannot be avoided but they should be rather used as indicators of organizational weaknesses that need to be addressed without delay. In practice, it has been proved that the effective management of knowledge within organizations can result to the limitation of failures, either in the short or the long term. The literature published in regard to this subject shows that the establishment of appropriately customized knowledge management systems can help organizations to control all aspects of their activities so that organizational goals are achieved. The practical implications of such project are explained in this paper by referring to Speedo Ltd, a firm operating in the British automotive industry. Since its establishment, in 1 997, the organization had to face a series of critical operational problems. Through the years it was made clear that these problems were related to the firm’s inability to manage knowledge. ... the firm’s existing knowledge management strategy could secure organizational growth, even if the benefits of the relevant project could appear with delay. It should be noted that the knowledge management strategy proposed for Speedo Ltd could be also used, with minor changes, in firms in other industries that face similar problems. 2. Speedo Ltd – Company Overview 2.1 Structure The head office of the organization is in South London. The firm’s branches across UK are estimated to 12, covering all regions of the country. All key decisions are developed in the head office where the strategic planning unit of the organization is located. Managers in branches have the power to make suggestions in regard to a series of operational issues but their potential to influence the firm’s critical projects is rather limited. The central database of the business has been implemented in the head office, where all critical organizational departments, such as the HR depart ment, the PR department and the financial department of the business are based. Employees working in branches do not have full access to the database’s data; the firm’s IT network has been arranged in such way so that the information provided to the user/ employee is filtered as of its necessity for the task assigned to the particular user. This means that each employee/ user is authorized to access specific parts of the firm’s central database. This practice has helped to reduce failures in regard to the safety of the firm’s data. 2.2 Purpose and culture The firm focuses on the sale of news and used cars of different characteristics. The firm’s founder, John Peterson, has tried to promote communication and cooperation across the organization. The phrase ‘Trust and speed in communication’

Manufacturing engineering application Personal Statement

Manufacturing engineering application - Personal Statement Example This will be a good opportunity for me to grow in this field and gain all the insight I need as an engineer. Manufacturing Engineering is my passion and I have never had any trouble identifying my ambitions. What I enjoy most about the program is the diversity the course presents me. Projects are varied, wide, and each one of them distinct which are every reason I find the subject interesting. A degree in manufacturing engineering is very pertinent to my future career, it is one of those subjects that will fortify my engineering knowledge and equip me with the skills I need for successful jobs completion in future. I am certain that a degree on the same will provide me with the knowhow I require for a professional job in a plethora of sectors such as  industry, consultancy, finance, and public services. Beside my dream to pursue manufacturing engineering, the background I have on business engineering management makes me an eligible student for the program. I have chosen manufacturing engineering because I want to be a part of design technology that will see the cost of energy in production cut and ozone depletion reduced. To me, a career in material engineering is all I need as it will put me in the forefront of fighting for the improvement of the global environment and counter climate change. This subject does not only excite but intrigue me and I feel I have to master it in the near future. Engineering demands a few more skills for an increased productivity. Such include communication skills and excellence in a team-based work approach. It demands appreciation and understanding of the fact that holistic approach is vital in successful manufacturing engineering. I pay full attention to detail, readily accept responsibility, and I have been commended for exercising good judgment. The experience I have had in college and in the field has given me the understanding of

Discretionary Trust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Discretionary Trust - Essay Example There are four requirements of a trust, which are capacity; formality; certainty and constitution, each factor is important in creating a valid trust and in order to determine the validity of each disposition within the will these requirements must be fulfilled. This requirement concerns the creator and beneficiary of the trust; whereby any person can create a trust if thy have the ability to own any type of property, with four exceptions; minors whom cannot own land therefore cannot create a trust of land but can be a beneficiary of a trust until the appropriate age; any mentally disordered person under the 1983 Mental Health Act cannot create a trust but can be a beneficiary of a trust; corporations can only create a trust if there is a power in their memoranda of association; and statutory bodies can only create a trust if there is this power within the enabling legislation. There are also limitations to two further types of beneficiaries which are; non-citizens of Britain whereby they can hold a trust in any property but British ships and aircrafts; and trustees who cannot be the sole beneficiary and sole trustee. However the general rule is that any person who has the capability of owning property can create or be a beneficiary of a tr ust. Formality: Generally trusts can be created in any manner, because equity deals with the substance of the trust not its formal requirements. Therefore as long as the creator of the trust makes their intentions clear then a trust will be upheld by the courts. However a trust in land is a different situation whereby it must comply with the Law of Property Act 1925 section 53(b) and 53(c) for existing equitable interests in land whereby; "a declaration of trust respecting any land or interest therein must be manifested and proved by writing signed by the person who is able to declare such trust or by his will (LPA 1925 53(b)). It will it is assumed that it meets the formal requirement because there is no information to the contrary; however it must be kept in mind that if the formal requirements were not met then it would not be a valid trust, when considering the dispositions certainty and constitution will be the main focus to ensure the trusts in the will can be upheld. However there may be a p roblem with the transfer formalities of the shares, which will be discussed with reference to the constitution of the trust. Certainty: The creator of the trust must make his intentions clear when creating his trust; he must make it clear which property is subject to the trust; and finally he must identify the beneficiary of the trust. In Wright v Atkyns1 it was determined that the words must be imperative, but there does not have to be created with the word trust or obligation2 but sufficient intention must be apparent from conduct and words3. The court will always aim to impose a trust as long as the intention of the creator is present. In relation to the subject of the trust this also must be clearly stated, whereby the exact size and amount of the subject matter is clear, e.g. the bulk of my estate4 is not clear

The Impact of Internal Conflicts on World Poltics Term Paper

The Impact of Internal Conflicts on World Poltics - Term Paper Example From the end of World War II until 2000, over sixteen million perished through internal wars, compared to three and a half million from interstate wars, (Alley 1). For each interstate war within that period, approximately five internal conflicts occurred, the relative totals being 25 and 112 respectively and the incidence of internal war has abated since its peak during the 1990s, although not markedly, (Walensteen and Sollenberg 623)a. Averaging 53 months in duration, internal wars are often protracted; their bitter political effects and legacies of crime, lawlessness and impunity lingering even longer after the guns have fallen silent and even when seemingly settled they often maintain a lethal potential to reignite. Various termed internal, intra-state, or civil wars, these events often lack fine starting and concluding points as the conditions of neither war nor peace testify to inconclusive military outcomes and continuing settlement failure. These conditions harbour unaccountab le local elites exploiting them to loot the national patrimony as much about the causes, costs and impacts of internal conflicts remains essentially domestic, but its international dimensions are usually germane and often telling. Embattled governments invite outsiders in; internal conflicts spread across borders; war within states feed off and sustain commercial penetrations; intergovernmental and externally based non-governmental relief operations establish their presence; and these conflicts evoke an array of external interventions ranging from military infiltrations to United Nations (UN) Security Council enforcement engagements authorised under Chapter Seven of the UN Charter. Criminality is now a significant factor in the internationalisation of internal conflict and hence the comprehension of internal wars therefore requires an appreciation of their international dimensions and implications (Walensteen and Sollenberg 593-600)b. Without denying their significant international dimensions, definitions of intra-state wars focus primarily on domestic origins; events fought between self-aware, defined groups that have organisational capacities to plan and carry out military operations in support of political goals. When viewed as insurgencies, internal wars comprise unconventional armed violence organises to either topple an existing regime or secede from an existing state, (Snow 65 & Thakur 117), a distinctive feature is the widespread entanglement of civilians as agents and victims; and such risk overt targeting by protecting and harbouring combatants, operating inside borders and without sanctuaries to which they can withdraw. This confinement intensifies internal wars, combatants and civilians alike forced to live by the knowledge that, should they survive, they will likely have to physically coexist as former enemies and the evenge enacted locally as an end in itself confuses wide objectives, complicating agreement about negotiating priorities or settlem ent implementation within and between warring factions. Some internal conflicts drag on for so long that few involved retain notions of the originating casus belli or political purpose, the conflict in Angola being an example and to revise Hobbes, internal wars are nasty, brutish and long, (Alley 6) Impacts upon international politics Internal conflicts now cost the international community in a variety of ways. A first cost results from habituation to crisis as the trigger resource mobilisation and claims that such

Gandhi and Wollstonecraft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gandhi and Wollstonecraft - Essay Example It firstly could be used to refer to a sovereign ruler’s external power and freedom. However, it is the second definition that applied more so to Gandhi’s perspectives, it a freedom of spirituality, freed from all illusions, and understanding of the great absolute truths. (Gandhi 17-18). The two concepts do have a relationship in Gandhi’s philosophy. He believed that it was not for people to behave violently against others, because only someone or something that had true understanding of all of the great truths has the right to judge another, which we do not. Swaraj could easily be referencing the afterlife and oneness with thought, knowledge, and inevitably God. Regardless of the motivations toward non-violent protest, many have attempted Gandhi-like protests with mixed results. Unfortunately, there may be advantages to non-violent protests, but the disadvantages are also rather extreme. Non-violence has been applied to many political and social struggles throughout history. Dr. Martin Luther King used many forms of non-violent protests to advance the importance of the Civil Rights Movement. One of the most famous and successful expression of non-violent protest was the Bus Boycott in the 1960s that, nearly plummeted the public transportation system (Mach 1). Of course, we cannot forget the actions of Rosa Parks, who peacefully but firmly refused to five up her seat. These non-violent actions contributed greatly to changing the world and ending the discrimination of segregation. In this case, that is what many people remember about his leadership. No matter how unkind, abusive, and ignorant people were his protest would remain non-violent. Another poignant example of non-violent protest is the â€Å"burning monk.† The Vietnam War is a controversial one; even today arguments concerning the actions taken during that time will garner great and heated debate. Protests were common in the

Extended families are making a comeback in many countries around the world Essay Example for Free

Extended families are making a comeback in many countries around the world Essay Family is one of the most valuable and irreplaceable things that one is blessed with in a lifetime. A family is the foundation to everyone’s life. The outcome of your life is dependent on your family. Morals and values are obtained from your family circle. There are many types of family that exists in today’s society, each important to the upbringing of children. The most common type of families found in Maldives are extended family and nuclear family. Nuclear family is a family unit consisting of a mother and father and their children. Extended family is a family group that consists of grandparents, parents, children, siblings and their immediate family, uncles and aunts living together in the same house. According to Population and Housing Census, 2006 (2007), roughly 80 percent of Maldivian households consists of a single nuclear family composed of a married couple and their children rather than an extended family. Nevertheless, Male city, the capital of Maldives is flourishing with more extended families living in the households. In fact, this development is due to people migrating to Male for better health facilities, quality education, job opportunities and many more luxurious facilities. However, extended families living together in Male has many benefits and drawbacks. Many people who have extended families find that due to several generations living under the same roof, there are plenty of role models for the children of the household to look up to and learn from, with many elder family members being able to pass down certain traditions to the younger members. In todays world where people talk about equal opportunity as well as high living costs, where both parents have to work in order to provide all the necessities for the children, grandparents take care of the younger children. They see to that the child has nutritious food and keep an eye on them thus preventing them from getting into bad habits. Also they talk to the children or share stories from their past which develops a strong bond between them. Being in a bigger family with more people to talk to help a child develop quicker. For example, with more voices in the house, toddlers may start talking quicker, also this helps children their language development. According to What influences child development? (2012), the family that invests time, energy and love in raising a child will see the most positive growth. On the other hand, different experiences and beliefs each generation grew up create barriers between generations. Grandparents have difficulty enjoying grandchildrens fashion, works situations, future plans or use of new technology. Grandchildren have difficulty in understanding their grandparents because they feel that their privacy is being invaded, and their grandparents intervene in their life by setting limits. Hence it develops conflict among the old generation and the young generations. Furthermore, living in Male very expensive. According to the Vulnerability and Poverty Assessment 2004, renting households across all income groups paid around 45 percent of their income on rent. Thus sharing the rent and expenses among all the members resulted in many family members living in small households congested with a lot of family members. Even though expenses of rent, utility bills and foods is shouldered by all members, misunderstanding and conflict arises on how members contribute to foot the bills and how they get to maximize the use of things which are bought to the household. For example, a computer system bought by one sibling may be used more by a child of another sibling and may not be available for use when in need. These kinds misuse of facilities available create sibling rivalry. These kinds of conflicts leads to fallout among members which take longer to forgive and arguments can reignite very easily. On the other hand in an extended family you can find a stronger feeling of security being surrounded by family and knowing that there will be someone to support you when in need. Like everyone being able to support one another through a crisis such as one of the family members losing their job. In these cases, all extended family work together to support each other until a new job can be found. Extended families also give the feeling of belonging because we see people who have a link to us through origin, making them feel something bigger than just themselves. According to Population and Housing Census 2006 (2007), the capital Male with an area of about 2 sq. km. accommodates 35 percent of the countrys population of 298,968. In short this means that Male which has always been the center of all development in the country results in overcrowded housing units. Vulnerability and Poverty Assessment 2004 explains that between 1997 and 2004, the proportion of people living in houses with 40 square feet or fewer of housing areas per person has increased from 17 to 22 percent and the percentage of houses with a compound has decreased from 57 to 39 percent hence making the capital city much more crowded. As a result members living in a household have less personal privacy and weak family relationships. Most of the time during weekends people want to be on their own, but in an extended family these types of freedom are not possible. It is certainly disturbing that somebody is playing cards or PS-3 or watching television while others are working at home or studying for exam or just relaxing. If kids are fighting and elders have a misunderstanding then in these families people will not have a peaceful environment. Parents find it difficult to spend quality time with their children on an individual basis and also find it impossible to have private time away from them. Lack of privacy is linked to depression and other negative psychological outcomes like physical health. First household crowding can produce stress that leads to illness. Second, through shared physical proximity, household congestion contributes to the spread of communicable disease. A significant body of research, conducted primarily in affluent countries, has documented the unfavorable effects of housing conditions on a range of illnesses, including various contagious diseases. On the other hand, where most of the family are working to earn a better income, household chores becomes easier as it is shared among all members. Humans are social, in terms of nature and thus they cannot live alone. Therefore, people’s character and ethics are grown and strengthened through family. It is proven that an extended family is a better economic unit because it consumes lesser resources and provides more role models for behavior of values. In conclusion living in extended family is tough because you lose a significant amount of freedom and is forced to sacrifice a lot for your family. But realize the value of having family to help and support when in need. Taking the country as a whole extended families will out win advantages over disadvantages. But regard to the capital city, Male, disadvantages outweighs advantages of extended family.

Effective Next-generation WAN Architecture

Effective Next-generation WAN Architecture WAN Architecture Get robust, scalable, and easy-to-use management tools that can handle the complexity of your multiservice and packet voice network.   WAN provides extensive, reliable, and scalable element management capabilities to help you rapidly deploy and manage services. The high-performance carrier-class element and network management product is deployed worldwide in some of the largest service provider networks. It can operate as a standalone system or can be integrated as an element using its northbound interfaces for highly efficient flow-through operations Enhanced operator workflow and usability simplify configuration, fault monitoring, and troubleshooting operations. The enterprise business is changing as new types of payroll systems.. As the number of branches continues to increase, the reliable and secure delivery of these evolving services demands a network that can similarly evolve to meet these demands and enable business success. IT professionals require higher network performance, scalability, availability, security, and service capabilities. The Branch-WAN payroll system architecture is developed to address these key areas of customer concerns. To meet these requirements, the Branch-WAN payroll system architecture features scalable and resilient network infrastructure, integrated security, wireless, and payroll system intelligence to provide seamless service capabilities that include Unified Communication, media collaboration, and data/Web 2.0. Architecture This is dedicated to delivering solutions that meet and exceed customers business and technology requirements by integrating best technologies, services, and platforms. The WAN Payroll system architecture is part of a comprehensive approach to providing an end-to-end enterprise network architecture. This model is known as Places in the Network architecture. The architecture addresses the differing requirements for systems design and deployment in the three principal network areas: the campus, the data center, Internet edge, and the WAN. See Figure 1 Figure 1: Architecture When discussing an enterprise network, it is important to consider that most networks are built from a discreet set of interconnected, architectural elements-each of which has its own requirements. A branch office, for example, may not have the same scalability requirements as a data center, but has a greater need for reduced form-factor devices with high-value integrated services. The typical corporate campus network offers users high speed and secure network connectivity, Unified Communication services, wireless services, and access to corporate payroll systems and databases. A well-engineered network must offer workers at branch sites the same network services as campus workers, to maximize productivity and ensure business objectives are met. The Branch-WAN payroll system architecture offers an end-to- end system design that delivers a flexible, scalable, and secure network that supports advanced network services for branch office workers. Figure 2: WAN Payroll system architecture (Frame work)   Ã‚   The WAN payroll system architecture shown in Figure 2 has the following layers: †¢Network Infrastructure-The foundation that provides routing, switching, quality-of-service (QoS), high availability, and other functionalities to ensure that the network is scalable, flexible, and resilient. †¢Integrated Security-This layer extends the corporate security policy to the branch, providing network infrastructure protection, secure communication, threat mitigation, and network monitoring across both the Branch and WAN PINs. †¢Wireless-this layer provides user network connectivity anywhere within the enterprise, giving employees greater flexibility, and increased productivity. †¢Payroll system Intelligence-this layer provides various payroll system optimization techniques using optimization (i.e., TCP flow optimization, data redundancy elimination) and control for payroll system classification and prioritization using QoS. This optimizes use of the WAN bandwidth and, enables branch users to access the same payroll systems as campus users, with similar user experience. †¢Management-this layer provides the ability to easily provision and monitor the network. With these layers, it is imperative that unified communication (i.e., Unified Communication), Media Collaboration (i.e., Tele presence, IP Video Surveillance, Desktop Video, and Digital Media Systems), and Data Web 2.0 (i.e., collaboration payroll systems) work seamlessly across the Branch-WAN solution. Technologies Considered Types: There are number of WAN technologies like point to point connection, circuit switching and packet switching. The WAN communication which is carried over a leased line is called point to point connection. In a point to point network the message from the customers end is traveled to the remote user via an ISP. Circuit switching is the data communication which is stared when there is need to communicate and it is terminated afterwards. It is like a telephone call. When the two users arte connected and identified, the data is transferred in other words voice is transferred. When the transmission of the data is complete the call is disconnected again. Packet switching data network is a WAN technology in which the network of the user is established in the carriers system. The examples of packet switching network include asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), switched multi megabyte data services (SMDS) and frame relay. Optimization The purpose of WAN optimization is to eliminate the flaws in the packet data transfer in shared WAN systems. There are many techniques of optimizing the WAN technology. These optimization techniques include duplication, compression, cashing, protocol spoofing, traffic shaping, equalizing, connection limits and simple rate limits. The process of duplication sends a reference of the actual data, this helps in preventing from data redundancy. In order to present data patterns in an efficient manner compression is used. The process of caching reduces the bandwidth up to 30%. The multiple requests are tied in one bundle using protocol spoofing. Traffic shaping controls the amount of data handling and also monitors and guides the data traffic. When the data is sent according to the priority of the data usage it is known as equalizing. Connection limit averts from the access grid locks in access points and routers due to the lack of service or peer to peer connection. Simple rate limits the users from getting more than the data which has been fixed for their use. The purport of WAN optimization is to overcome the difficulties such as expensive bandwidth and to decrease the users experience time. The scalability of WAN is nowadays an important consideration and hence WAN optimization is used to target such issues as well. The typical small branch design includes a 1.5 Mbps Ethernet private WAN connection. The router terminates the VPN and routing from the central site and implements QoS policy. The router also hosts the following integrated services: †¢Security (Firewall, IPS) †¢Unified Communications (SRST, FXO / FXS ports) †¢Payroll system intelligence The branch also includes a Layer-2 access switch with the following key features: †¢Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) †¢DHCP snooping †¢Spanning tree †¢Class-of-Service (CoS) on access ports †¢QoS †¢Port security †¢Dynamic Address Repayroll system architecture Protocol (ARP) Inspection Wireless LAN may be implemented with a router module or standalone controller/switch. New Issues The key to an effective next-generation WAN architecture? Match technologies and services to interconnection requirements. Herewith a blueprint: Data center-to-data center connectivity: Data center interconnectivity requires high-capacity, low latency links. Although multiprotocol label-switching (MPLS) can do the trick, its often an expensive solution. Telecom architects are increasingly turning to solutions such as carrier Ethernet (either point-to-point or virtual private LAN service, VPLS), or dark fiber or wavelength services. Seventy-one percent of organizations will be deploying some form of carrier Ethernet by the end of 2010, typically for data center-to-data center connectivity. Why? Three reasons: First is cost. On a per-megabit-per-second basis, carrier Ethernet can run 25% to 50% lower than other technologies. Second is bandwidth: with Carrier Ethernet, users are able to procure up to 10Gbps of bandwidth (the equivalent of 2.5 OC-768 circuits). As a result, as bandwidth requirements increase, carrier Ethernet becomes more appealing. Finally, theres the ease of deployment and management. Users report that carrier Ethernet is straightforward to install, and performs reliably. Right off the bat, it worked like a charm, says the CIO of a midsized professional services firm. Data center-to-branch, and branch-to-branch, connectivity: Most organizations (80%) have deployed MPLS, and plan to continue using it for site-to-site connectivity (at least for midsized-to-large sites). Some firms mostly leading-edge organizations are also looking at rolling out carrier Ethernet for the core WAN. The primary challenge? Availability. Carrier Ethernet isnt as widely-available as MPLS. Remote-site and micro branch connectivity: For smaller sites, companies are exploring a range of connectivity options. An Internet VPN is one approach (and one thats increasingly common). A more innovative approach is to deploy 4G wireless technologies, either direct to the router or to each individual employee. Again, the challenge here is availability: Most carriers are just beginning to roll out broadband wireless (in the U.S. at least). Another problem is capacity: Carriers havent designed their networks for use as wired-WAN replacements. References: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_architecture apparchguide.codeplex.com/ www.amazon.com/PatternsApplication-Architecture/0321127420

Opportunities To Cadbury Products In The Olympic City Marketing Essay

Opportunities To Cadbury Products In The Olympic City Marketing Essay Cadbury Plc. is a confectionary giant holding first or second positions in more than twenty of the worlds largest confectionary markets, with an exceptionally good portfolio of toffee, chocolate, energy drinks and other milk products. In 1824 a shop was opened by John Cadbury in Birmingham for the sale of chocolates some other cocoa products, thus begun the quest of Cadbury to conquer the taste buds of millions. In January 2010, Kraft Foods took over Cadbury Plc. Cadbury is the official treat provider of the 2012 London Olympic Paralympic games. This will give exclusive marketing opportunities to Cadbury products in the Olympic city. Cadbury has a very good reputation in the market, they believe in the business culture Doing good is good for business. Currently Cadbury functions in more than sixty countries around the globe with around 35000 suppliers and employee population of around 45000 people. OBJECTIVE OF THE RESEARCH This research report is done to discuss the influence on the decision making in marketing of the Cadbury Plc. by the macro environment for the last one year. SWOT PESTLE analyses on Cadbury Plc. were carried out to solve queries raised during the research. SWOT analysis will help Cadbury Plc. in decisions making processes in their future years. This research work also illustrates marketing strategies experimented by the Cadbury Plc. to ensure their position in the confectionary market. ORGANIZATION BACKGROUND Head office of Cadbury Plc. locates in Middlesex, United Kingdom with organizational network coverage all around the globe. In confectionary industry Cadbury owns most trusted popular brands like Dairy Milk, Eclairs, Halls, Bourn Vita, 5 Star, Perk, etc. Cadbury products are available in over sixty countries in the World. Cadbury has a very strong momentum in its emerging markets such as India, Africa Middle East. In developed markets like UK US, Cadbury performs its robust growth without losing their market monopoly. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY RESEARCH PLAN: Data Collection in investigative approach is performed as the research plan for this report. DATA GATHERING ANALYSIS: Sources of data is classified into Primary and Secondary sources of data. Primary sources are research papers or theories. In this research information are collected from secondary sources such as journals, management magazines, books from college library, websites. SWOT PESTAL analysis were carried out to solve some queries while dealing with the research. PROOF Macro environment has a good command over marketing decisions taken by an organization. In this case we are checking whether the macro environment has a positive impact on the marketing decision making of Cadbury or not and how. Macro environment deals with elements which stay outside the organization so management cannot control them. Macro environment consists of countless factors which can affect an organizations decision making, business strategies, product development altogether performance. Examples of some of these factors are variation in price, demographic factors, strategy of competitors, interest of the customers, economical factors, government orders, demand, supply, technical issues etc. PESTEL ANALYSIS: THE MARKETING OF CADBURY POLITICAL Political conditions of the area where the company market its product can affect the business of that particular organization greatly. Political uncertainty of the locality can disturb the business badly. Sometimes organizations can make use of the political situations to develop their business. Thus the political factors can sometimes harm the organization sometimes favour the organization. In UK the government is much concerned about the health issues of the people. Government spends millions of pound every year on health issues like obesity heart diseases. Chocolate can be a reason for above mentioned health disorders, the government is very strict in the implementation of food safety act. In 2002, Cadbury India Ltd. faced objections from political parties of India after telecasting the advertisement of their new brand, Temptations. Indian print politics accused, Cadbury is making advantage on Kashmir issue. So the company should have good awareness on all political issues which can affect their business to keep their reputation. ECONOMIC Monetary factors are another important feature which can decide the destiny of an organization in a society. Economic instability of the surroundings will question the existence of the organization. Organization may force to compromise on their policies with respect to their economic background and also according to the economic factors in the locality. Economic growth, fluctuating value of money, inflation or deflation can decide an organizations future. The recent global economic crisis affected Cadbury Plc. and their products like other industries. Company was forced to reduce their production as the consumption of confectionaries reduced in a large scale. Multinational companies like Cadbury cannot follow same pricing for same product all around the globe as the economic situations money value are differ with countries. A chocolate sold for  £1 in UK cannot be sold for the respective converted amount in India as people cannot afford the pricing. SOCIAL Peculiarities of the society such as culture, traditions, ethics, moral values, religion can make effect on an organization directly or indirectly. Chocolates are still a luxury material to the poor who work in cocoa plantations in Ghana. Chocolate consumers in poor countries are very less in number as people think consuming an expansive confectionary in a poor society is against their moral values. Veganism prohibits the use of animals for food, clothing, consumption of milk, egg, dairy products etc. Chocolate is a dairy product and thus chocolate is an abandoned food for Veganists. TECHNOLOGICAL Scientific research resulted technological advancement in production techniques with postmodern tools and machines. This helped conventional production methods to have an upgrade according to the demand. Introduction of new effective technologies will increase the product quality as well product quantity this will help the organization to achieve their goals objectives. Latest technology is a must in the field of food beverage producing companies. Cadbury always keep their eyes toward latest technologies which can be used in their organization. Effective advanced packing methods are adopted to keep their products unique among other chocolate products. Cadbury has a skilled technical team to develop advertisements for showing in Television, Internet other visual media. Cadbury also has a very good website with all details regarding their organization, products history. LEGAL Rules or laws by the government come under legal factors. Iimplementation of new business regulations or taxation by the government can make trouble to the organization; in other hand favourable moves from the government such as relaxation of taxes will helpful for the organization. Companies should follow government regulations laws strictly; violation of these rules will lead the company to have legal issues with the government. Other legal issues such as patent laws, quality maintaining health will also affect the wellbeing of an organization. In 2007 Wrigley filed a lawsuit against Cadbury in Australia; accusing Cadbury imitated patent protected hard-coated gum of Wrigley. Health of the citizens is a very important issue before the government. In 2003 a case was filed in Maharastra High court, India against Cadbury India Ltd. after confirming a worm infection in some batches of Dairy Milk. ENVIRONMENTAL Environmental issues natural factors directly affect the business production of an organization. Natural factors are unpredictable uncontrollable by an organization. Natural disasters like earthquake, fire, storm etc. can affect organizations in a very bad manner. Plastic is a non-biodegradable material. Cadbury Plc. use plastic covering to wrap chocolate products. After consumption of chocolates these wrappers are wastes and this pollutes the environment. Now the company is doing research regarding the use of Biodegradable plastic coverings as wrappers. Temperature is an environmental factor which can deform the shape taste of chocolate products. SWOT ANALYSIS ON CADBURYS MARKETING Identifying the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats is a very important task in every industry. SWOT analysis is an effective strategy which is commonly adopted by organizations in medium large levels. SWOT analysis plays a vital role in the prospective decision making of an organization. Company can work accordingly and come across a good result once they properly recognize the threats and opportunities. Strength of a company is the advantage they currently hold in the market. Identifying the weaknesses will help the company to take necessary steps to troubleshoot those failures. STRENGTH S Cadbury products are well recognized well known for their outstanding quality. Chocolate brands of Cadbury Plc. have a very good reputation in the business world. Maintaining good relationship with the customer is a must for any organization. Due to Cadburys excellent customer association and product innovation, Cadbury has lifelong customers who trust in the tag of Cadbury. Cadbury products are being marketed in over sixty countries, giving them the opportunity of having the largest marketing network in confectionary world. Cadbury is the official treat provider of the 2012 London Olympic Paralympic games. This will give unique privileges in marketing product reorganization as official Olympic brand to Cadbury Plc. products in future business. WEAKNESSES Cadbury products are pricier than local confectionaries. This will adversely affect the Cadbury products in poor economies some emerging markets. Public expectation of Cadbury products is very high; this fact may put the company in pressure. In UK production cost of Cadbury chocolates is higher as their manufacturing is done within the country. Errors in packing manufacturing processes cause microbial infections in chocolate products. Infection of Salmonella bacteria in Chocolate products is an example. Chocolate products are fatty, dietary options in chocolates are still unavailable. OPPORTUNITIES Cadbury currently operates around sixty countries with very good business reputation. Company has the opportunity to widen their business in new markets. Cadbury products have a great brand value customer satisfaction records, this will help the company to survive in critical situations. Cadbury is the leader in confectionary business for the last many decades; this reputation is helpful to expand their product range to food beverage industry other than confectionary business. Cadbury can take over other brands in their developed, emerging new markets. This will help the company to have advantage in business. E.g.: Cadbury took over Green Blacks the premium chocolate brand in May 2005. THREATS Cadbury faces threats from Nestle, their competitor in confectionary business. Cost of production, transportation raw materials are increasing day by day with respect to the economic uncertainty of the markets. Governments change laws / regulations for quality and production of food beverages companies. Implementation of these new laws makes the company to cancel proposed marketing plans. STUDY ON CADBURYS MARKETING OBJECTIVES PESTEL SWOT analyses can benefit Cadbury Plc. in their prospective decision making. SWOT analysis on Cadbury Plc. describes the current status of the company in confectionary market.

Anti-Semitism in Anthony Trollopes Palliser Novels :: Anthony Trollope Palliser Novels Essays

Anti-Semitism in Anthony Trollope's Palliser Novels Because Anthony Trollope belonged to the Liberal party, one would assume that he would be less concerned with the glorification of a specific social class to the neglect of any other. Yet, of the major novelists of the Victorian period, none was more infatuated with the code of the gentleman than Trollope. His political beliefs, which might seem to conflict with those of a Liberal, are best defined by his own description of himself as "an advanced, but still a conservative Liberal" (Autobiography 291). This left-centrist attitude serves as the basis for the moral standard of his novels and is embodied by the various "gentlemen" in his work. Trollope idealized the gentleman more than Fielding and as much as, if not more, than Thackeray. The characters in his novels judge each other by their interpretations of this standard, which may or may not coincide with Trollope's definition. This discrepancy between Trollope and his characters is very interesting, but in some instances can be misleading. Nineteenth-century Europe, sparked by the Enlightenment's notion of equality, underwent numerous revolutions, both political and social. In England this was represented by the passing of the Reform Bill of 1832 and the repeal of the Corn Laws. Both were huge victories for the Liberal, then Whig, cause, regardless of which party was in control of the government at the time. Trollope's stance on such issues can be seen in his treatment of similar measures, some fictitious, others real, in the novels that comprise his Palliser series. In England during this time, the quest for equal treatment under the law for all residents was gaining popularity. Bills were passed which legalized Catholicism and which made citizens of the Jews living in England. As anti-semitism was a more thorough prejudice than that of Anglicans against other Protestants and Catholics, it is of interest to examine how one of the more, if not the most, realistic novelists of the time portrayed English Jews. As Trollope mainly concerns himself with upper-class society, social movement is necessarily a major issue in his novels, and added to his predisposition to prejudicial class awareness, Trollope behaves very questionably with regard to his non-English characters, particularly his Jewish characters. European Jews have consistently been oppressed throughout their history on the continent. The most widespread slurs used against Jews, then and now, are founded in resentment of the fact that Jews, in Europe, have historically found employment in banking, pawnbroking, and usury.

the 5 pillars of islam Essay -- essays research papers

Five Pillars of Islam   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In order to follow the right path in the Islam religion its followers, Muslims, are required to practice its five pillars, or duties. Each of these duties is mentioned in the Quran; however, scholars have found a more detailed explanation in the Hadith. The five pillars are uttering the Shahada, prayer, zakat, participating in the fast, and a pilgrimage to Mecca.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first of the five duties is uttering the Shahada, a phrase that declares the faith of the follower. The phrase is, â€Å"There is no god but God and Muhammad is His messenger.† This phrase is used in the daily life of Islam’s followers, because this phrase illustrates the central beliefs in the Islam faith.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second ritual duty is prayer. Muslims are obligated to pray five times each day. The prayer sessions must take place at designated times of the day and following the proper procedures. These designated times are at dawn, midday, in the afternoon, during the evening, and at sunset. Before prayer begins Islam’s followers must cleanse themselves both physically and mentally to achieve the purity required to engage in prayer. Prayer also must follow a cycle. Takbir is the first step in the cycle. This step is the opening sutra which means that the follower says, â€Å"Allahu akbar,† which mean â€Å"God is great.† At this point the worshiper will perform four postures, standing, bowing, postrating, and sitting...

The Two Different Cases Regarding Capital Punishment :: essays research papers

The Two Different Cases Regarding Capital Punishment Thesis : In principle a case can be made on moral grounds both supporting and opposing capital punishment. Two different cases can be made. One is based on justice and the nature of a moral community. This leads to a defense of capital punishment. The second is based on love and the nature of an ideal spiritual community. This leads to a rejection of capital punishment. JUSTICE AND THE NATURE OF MORAL COMMUNITY A central principal of a just society is that every person has an equal right to "life, liberity, and happiness." Within that, an arguement for capital punishment forms along the following lines: some acts are so evil and so destructive of a community that they void the right of the perpetrator to life. A community founded on moral principals has specific requirements. The right to belong to a community is not unconditional. The privilege of living and pursuing the good life in society is not certain. The essential reason on which community is built requires each citizen to honor the rightful claims of others. The precious live in a moral community must be so highly honored that those who do not honor the life of others void their own right to membership. Those who violate the personhood of others, especially if this is done persistently as a habit must pay the ultimate price. This must be done for the sake of the community which was violated. We can debate whether some non-lethal alternative is a suitable substitute for the death penalty. But the standard of judgment is whether the punishment fits the crime and if it honors the nature of the moral community. LOVE AND AN IDEAL SPIRITUAL COMMUNITY Christian live, is unconditional. It does not depend on the worthiness or value of those to whom it is directed. It is persistent in seeking the good of others regardless of whether they return the favor or even deserve to be treated well on the basis of their own wrongdoing. An ideal community would be made up pf free and equal citizens devoted to a balance between individual needs and the advancement of common good. Communal life would be based on mutual love in which equality of giving and receiving was the social practise. Everyone would contribute to the best of ability. What would a community based on this kind of love do with those who committed brutal acts of terror, violence, and murder? Put negatively, it would not live by the philosophy of "an eye for an eye,a tooth for a tooth, and a life for a

How did Khrushchev and Brezhnev respond to rebellions

How did Khrushchev and Brezhnev respond to rebellions in some of the communist satellite states?   Give specific examples of countries that rebelled, why they rebelled and an analysis of the responses by Khrushchev and Brezhnev to the rebellions:   Khrushchev’s decision for de-Stalinization movements had repercussions in the Communist countries of Eastern Europe.   Poland revolted against its government in October 1956.   Hungary followed shortly afterward.   Faced with open revolution, Khrushchev flew to Warsaw on October 19 with Soviet leaders and ultimately acquiesced in the Polish leader Wladyshaw Gomulka’s national Communist solution, which allowed the Poles a great deal of freedom.Khrushchev’s shared decisions to crush the Hungarian Revolution by force came largely because of the Hungarian premier’s decision to withdraw from the Warsaw Pact.   With this one exception Khrushchev allowed a considerable amount of freedom to the European Comm unist parties and this stress in Eastern Europe it helped to crystallized opposition to Khrushchev within the Soviet Party.   His stand on reforms in economics and politics in the Soviet Union caused many enemies and party officials ended up removing him for power and replacing him with Brezhnev who opened the doors to the West for the soviet people and this was especially influential to the younger citizens of the population.   Khrushchev widely asserted his doctrine of peaceful coexistence which he had first spoke of in a speech at the 20th Party Congress.When Brezhnev came into power he left many affairs to other officials in the party, such as diplomatic relations with non-Communist states and internal economic development.   Brezhnev concentrated on foreign and military affairs and undertook measures to curtail ideological dissidence within the Soviet Union.   He traveled extensively to foreign countries between 1961 and 1964.   He made visits to all the European Comm unist countries, except Albania to improve solidarity within the Communist block.But when Czechoslovakia attempted to liberalize its Communist system of government and party control, Brezhnev developed the concept, known as the Brezhnev Doctrine that justified the invasion of Czechoslovakia by its Warsaw Pact partners.   During the 70’s Brezhnev attempted to ease tensions with the West, especially the U.S. in a new policy of coexistence.   It was during this time that under Brezhnev’s rule Soviet military power was significantly increased and modernized, and the Soviet Union pursued a policy of supporting â€Å"wars of national liberation† in developing countries.   In domestic policy he was preoccupied with neutralizing internal dissent and seeking to improve the performance of the Soviet economy particularly in agriculture and consumer goods, with little or no success.Works Cited:Treadgold, Donald W. and Herbert J. Ellison.   Twentieth Century Russia.à ‚   Bolder,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Colorado: Westview Press, 2000.

Assignment 2: Reflection Essay

Overall I am doing pretty well with each of the four components of interpersonal effectiveness, competence, emotional intelligence, mindfulness and ethics. The person I interviewed as my partner, was my sister Tanya. This is how she thinks I am doing on each of the four components: She thinks that my interpersonal effectiveness: I have great relationships with family and close friends. She also says that I have a good balance between priorities and self-indulgence. Tanya also says that I have self-respect and I respect others as well. Now with the competence component she thinks that I am successful in everything as long as I stay focused on my goal. Tanya also says that I have accomplished and mastered several things such as earning an Associate’s Degree, a computer skills certificate, an office skills certificate, and I have long time experience in cashiering. She says that I am very in tune to others emotions and that I am a very emotional person myself. My sister also tells me that I instinctively know when someone is happy, sad, angry, or just simply needs a hug. She also tells me that I am very emotional and I outwardly show those emotions. With mindfulness and ethics my sister says that I demonstrate effective mindfulness in my everyday tasks, which leads to good ethical decisions. She also says that I am very mindful when it comes to making all of my decisions. In a nut shell my sister is trying to get across that because I am very mindful of the choices I make, it reflects on my highly ethical standards and practices. The results of the Emotional Intelligence Self-Assessment Test in Module 1 were very accurate. I have learned that what my sister has written about me is very accurate with what the assessment test has informed me of my true emotional intelligence assessment, which I have known all along. Although, I need to work on the competence more. These tenets of interpersonal communication affects me positively in my personal life and my academic life, but my professional life I have some ways to go yet. Two key insights for this assignment for me would be that I found out that I am more competent than I thought I was, (I still need to work on this area.) and I have very good emotional intelligence. Looking back on the goals that I set for myself, the new behaviors that I can practice that will help me reach them are the four  components of emotional intelligence, interpersonal effectiveness, competence, mindfulness and ethics. I take pride in myself because I do my best to always use the above mentioned components all day, every day.

Role Of The Internet In Providing The Technical Environment

1.   Explain the role of the Internet in providing the technical environment for businesses who manufacture new technologies and the advantages of it. Support your answers with real examples (at least three examples).The modern world of technological advancement is associated with a number of improvements especially in business transactions. The use of information and communication technology as a tool of doing business incorporates the purpose of internet. A major advancement in technological advancement is the internet which has led to integration of business transactions across regions. Internet plays a very important role in creating technical environment for organizations that manufacture new technologies (Andrea, Andrew, Michael, 2003). The global interconnection of computer network through a protocol known as internet has an integrating force. The internet connects communication technology and computing to provide information necessary for business.Key roles of internet incl ude research, sale of products and communication of a company’s message to consumers. Businesses that manufacture new technologies conduct research via internet to acquire relevant information about their services. Example of research engines includes Linux, OpenOffice.org, and Mozilla Firefox used to provide information relating to business. Another role of internet is enhancement of personalized marketing that allows businesses manufacturing new technologies to market their products to specific people. Examples include My Space, Face Book, Orkut, Twitter and friendster. Communication about new technologies manufactured by businesses through advertisement is another role of the internet (Andrea, Andrew, Michael, 2003).The use of internet has certain advantages which include first; it is efficient due to low costs making it easily accessible to acquire relevant business information. Second, internet allows businesses manufacturing new technologies to do business fast. A third advantage of internet is that it provides businesses with the capacity to gather opinions about their products from end users and other professionals. Fourth, internet provides businesses manufacturing new technologies with the capacity of trying out new ideas necessary for improving performance of the business.2. During this course (BA545 Emerging Technologies) we discussed Pull and Push technologies. Provide three examples of each, and talk about the advantages and disadvantages of Pull and Push technologies.Pull technologies requires the user of internet services to actively research and retrieve information necessary for research or any other stipulated purpose. The pull technology is a network communication style whereby request for data is initiated by the client and response provided by the server. Examples include the web, library and Usenet newsgroups. Advantages of pull technologies include acquisition of first hand information, encourages research and it is easy to use. On the other hand, disadvantages include high costs for conducting research, requires thorough training and failure to handle adequate bandwidth.Push technology on the other hand is an internet based communication style whereby request for information or any other internet service is initiated by the central server. It is based on information preferences which are expressed in advance. Examples include email, television and radio as they deliver information to the user. An advantage of push technologies includes ease of use as minimal effort is required by the recipient to receive information. The ease of use feature has made email a more preferable web site than any other internet applications. On the other hand a major draw back of push technologies is rapid exposure to technological problems, power failures and virus infections.3.   You are a systems technologist working in a big Fortune 500 company. Advancement in technological development in the field of business is one of th e most critical aspects of the market. Computers have changed the way of doing business from manual operations to electronic trading called e-commerce. This is one of the best achievements in the current trends of technology which has led to improvement in business performance. A close look of electronic commerce gives an overview of how technology has led to integration of markets.The use of internet which connects computers through application of protocols helps traders from different geographical locations to carry on business without movement. Through the aspect of globalization, current technological trends have made the exchange of goods and services to be easy and effective. Technology has made it easy for organizations to advertise their products through the internet hence capturing global markets (Andrea, Andrew, Michael, 2003). This has led to an increase in volumes traded hence leading to high profitability. Sales are made online through the help of technology and this he lps to cut down some costs and saves time.A company using e-commerce has to ensure that it has up-to-speed systems in the aspect of databases, network security and payment methods. Databases are essentials in a company that uses technology to carry on with its operations. The company is supposed to ensure that its systems are efficient to avoid losses and satisfy customer needs. A company using technology is supposed to frequently check on its systems for any technological problems. This helps to maintain efficient and up to speed system which helps to avoid wastage of resources and time.Online payment of goods and services is one of the most critical aspects enhanced by technology that needs high speed systems. This can be enhanced through the use of wire transfer which ensures that money is received on time. Doing business transactions online require adoption of strong security measures that prevents loss of information and other resources such as money. The use of passwords to ac cess accounts is a major security measure that can be used by organizations. Encryption of information is another important network security consideration.   This helps to deal with hackers as they are protected from accessing accounts of the company and other important business information.4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   You are an Information Systems educator, and you have been asked to write an article about emerging technologies and how important it is to be prepared to adapt to new technologies (on-time), and the efforts and expenses businesses are likely to spend. Include at least four examples of emerging technologies.The development of technology in the modern world has led to emergence of certain technologies applied in certain aspects of life. This has drastically changed the way of life in positive and negative aspects. Nearly every activity in organizations, government offices, institutions, homes, health centers and hospitality industry is carried through the use of informatio n systems. Some key emerging technologies include communication, transportation, bioinformatics and entertainment (Andrea, Andrew, Michael, 2003). These key areas of development have been enhanced by application of information technology systems.In communication, technology has made it possible for individuals to pass information across long distances within a short period of time. This includes the use of mobile phones, electronic mails, fax and social networks such as Face book. The mode of communication has completely changed due to technological advancements. Transportation technology is another key development that has made movement of goods and people to be more easy and cheap. Developments in air space and road transport systems as a result of technology have made transportation more cheap and easy. Bioinformatics includes the aspects of genetic engineering and photosynthesis which has led to increased level of production. The entertainment sector has changed since the develo pment of information systems.The use of televisions, radio, computers and other electronic gadgets have led to a change in entertainment field. The changes resulting from technological advancement calls for proper arrangement by individuals within the key sectors affected. It is important to be prepared about the changes so as to avoid making losses and face the challenges associated with new inventions.   Businesses have to take appropriate measures on time such as communicating to customers about the changes to avoid embarrassment (Andrea, Andrew, Michael, 2003). Embracing new technologies by businesses results to creation of more expenses such as training, purchase, maintenance, installation and inconvenience costs. Business owners have to be prepared to deal with such costs for better performance of organizations.ReferenceAndrea, P., Andrew, D. & Michael, H. (2003). The Business of Systems Integration. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Prevention of Absenteeism in Organisation

How to reduce absenteeism in organisations 1. Identify the causes for an employee’s absenteeism. If you can find out why an employee is consistently absent, then you can deal more effectively with the problem. For example, if an employee is often absent because of issues with childcare, you could offer them the option of more flexible working hours. 2. Implement a thorough record system. For every employee, you should record the date, duration and reason for each case of absenteeism.This way you will have evidence of each absence if you need to refer back to it. 3. Meticulously follow up on each case of absenteeism. You should write a letter recording each case of absenteeism and distribute it to the employee. This will make them aware they are being monitored and make them more likely to think before they take a sick day. 4. Properly inform and regularly update your employees about your standards and policies regarding absenteeism.If you make a change to your absenteeism poli cy, make sure you let your employees know. Even if you don’t make a change, you should still remind your employees regularly of the standards you have in place. You could do this via a company-wide email or memo. Employee absence is a significant cost to 90% of businesses, according to the survey. This section outlines ten tips to help you in managing absence and tackling poor performance in the workplace. Top 10 Absence Management Tips: Create an absence policy and communicate it 2 Record and measure absence 3 Reduce absenteeism by enforcing and managing the staff absence policy 4 Follow employee absence with return to work interviews 5 Proactive absence management – reward excellent attendance 6 Be realistic – plan for unscheduled staff absence 7 Consider unpaid leave or options to buy more holiday time 8 Minimise absence by improving their working conditions 9 Make controlling absenteeism a business priority 10 Keep your staff absence policy up-to-date

Art Review on Piece of Art Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Art Review on Piece of Art Work - Essay Example The woman in the piece equally has two necklaces that appear modern and trendy. The artist has also chosen to have the piece in black and white. Significance of the title The title Walks like a Duck, Quacks like a Duck’ is significant in its ability to draw attention to the piece because of its catchiness. It is not only catchy in rhymes that denote it but also prompts an observer to find deeper meaning on the work of art by provoking comparisons between quacking and the female body, that makes a significant part of the piece. The title is vague enough to elicit mixed interpretations yet narrow in an artistic way to provide a first impression opinion on the piece (Arnason & Mansfield, 2010). Attraction to the work The attraction to the work was from the unique combination of the hand and a woman’s upper body in the piece. On close examination, further interests grew in the sign symbol of the ‘head hand’ that aroused a connection between the piece and its ti tle. The combination opens the piece to a broad interpretation on whether the piece depicts woman as quacking ducks or have duck tendencies or if there is a deeper meaning than the gender issue in the work. On first observation, the piece may be interpreted as an illustration of modern women who whine and yap without much substance. From this perspective, the piece gives a picture of traditional stereotypes in modern women. Since time immemorial, women have been regarded as poor managers of their tongue with men depicted as more reasonable and laid back. This has an element of truth depending on one’s point of view; feminists totally disagree with the traditional depiction of women as loose talkers and lifetime gossipers while men have always seen their female counterparts as â€Å"mouths first and brains later† to imply that they usually talk without giving much thoughts to their utterances. Research has a revealed that a man uses about 15000 words per day while woman uses 30000 within the same day. I f this finding is true, then, feminists must agree with their male counterparts that women are indeed more talk and less thought as stereotyped by art the society (Butler & Mark, 2007). The modern woman is said to said to a more serious talker than her previous predecessors, this is subject to debate but should it be true, which it most likely is, then the piece lives to its title of ‘walks like a duck, quacks like a duck’. Art from the days of Leonardo Da Vinci, has been used to depict significant events and changes in a society, even to this date, art still serves that function and contemporary artists, in as much as they may not use expensive and different colure tones, still use art work to pass important messages. From graffiti to modern painting, 21st century art is achieving similar results in terms of conveying messages like the ancient artists (Robertson & McDaniel, 2010). The piece under review gives a clear picture of the mo dern trends as seen in the woman’s dress code with the hand symbolizing the changing traits of a modern woman. Traditionally women were meant to be submissive to their husbands and take second place after them. That is not the same anymore with women stepping up and being very vocal on issues that were traditionally handled by men. The modern woman knows her rights, dresses as she pleases and fights for masculine positions that were in the past left for men with her male counterparts. The piece by the Andrew Stenehjem therefore