Human Nature and War free essay sample

With the primarily general acceptance, in case sometimes believed reluctantly, of every individual with regard to the truth, the left antiwar has dwindled into political ambition and prowess, while Islamic, Christian together with secular Dominionists amongst individuals rush along the perspectives of the â€Å"eventual days†. However, do all these actions and perceptions perfectly describe the truth that surrounds the human condition? Could it be possible that humans are trapped, genetically and or otherwise, by the circumstances within this downward spiral into oblivion? Could individuals like Wilson, Pinker, Lorenz, Ghiglieri and Stoessinger have picked a wrong perception of humanity? It might be prudent to note that humanism is often related to the fact that individual human beings ought to understand that habits are often picked, hence they are cognitive. Just like children’s brains have been said to develop with regard to the environment within which they are raised, so is the issue regarding human violence. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Nature and War or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Every individual possesses unique capabilities, whether acquired, developed or inborn, but issues regarding wars and violence are extremely cognitive and these capabilities within individuals only perform the role of catalyzing the war-like acts. The mainstream to the international relations’ contemporary discipline still depends on key principles that were first enunciated by the Second World War era’s scholars. The comprehensive arguments of the classical realists has attained a few defining concepts within the IR and still effectively shape the general scholarly study’s orientation within the field. Wilson effectively alleged that he saw a failure in idealism to take to consideration the entire underlying natural laws, which made mankind to tend towards aggression and violence. The issue regarding human aggression and violence has been a hotly debated issue amongst international relations theorists who have been known to concentrate on the analysis based on individual levels. The human nature theorists have been said to keenly focus on how individual attributes and characteristics might interact with the distinct social environment into producing particular violent situations e. g. ars. However, besides focusing on the physical, external environment, the cognitive theorists have been forefront in providing an explanation regarding the fact that the war-like situations or individual propensities to violence are often tied to their mental processes. These cognitive theorists are often convinced that personality, intelligence, as well as learning are often the key relations to aggr essive behavior. Although there might never exist scholarly agreements that pin down the key motivator to war, there certainly is one factor that might seem too weighty with regard to the same. On the other hand, motivations might present themselves within different perspectives for the individuals initiating violence than for the individuals undertaking the violence acts. For instance, within the 3rd Punic War, the leaders of Rome might have wished to create war using Carthage in order to attain an effective means of eliminating an extremely resurgent rival, although the individual soldiers might have received the motivation from a desire to obtain money. Since several individuals are involved, violence activities might acquire a life of their own, from distinct motivations’ confluence. Within the text, Why Nations Go to War, written by Stoessinger John G. , this author effectively points out the fact that every side often claims that their fight is often justified by morality. He also argues that any rationale for starting a war often relies upon the overly optimistic outcome assessment of hostilities (costs and causalities), as well as the foe’s intentions’ misperceptions. Most cognitive theorists believe in the fact that previous war environments often lead individuals into planning, as well as assessing various other ways of executing activities that result to war. Since the tactical and strategic warfare aspects are dynamic, doctrines and theories associated with warfare are always created after, during or even before each major war. Grossman, another cognitive theorist claimed that each age had its own war type, its own limiting factors, as well as its own peculiar or unique preconceptions. However, the constant factor is the employment of an extremely organized level of violence by the war activities together with the life and property destructions, which necessarily follow. This depicts the fact that these activities are often linked to a sequence of activities that might have appened previously; thus adopted. The society, therefore, adopts previous aggressiveness and creates more activities that are geared towards war. With regard to aggression, most human nature theorists, including Lorenz have a belief that the attribute is often involuntary and often originates from within. However, although Fry agrees with the fact that aggression migh t have been a part of the nature of human beings, perhaps even neurologically or genetically, but the way in which aggression is often played out bases itself on culture rather than just nature. Nomadic hunters and gatherers (currently or in the past), are considered egalitarian societies that are not entirely absent of all limited violence or aggression, but all its members might not practice extreme or wide scale violence within warfare. Instead, they possess several methods of managing conflicts and reconciliation techniques that minimize aggression or violence. Therefore, in this case, it should be prudent to note that there might be several examples within human nature of cooperation and peace within the human history’s bulk than of war and violence. On the contrary, social democrats together with socialists happen to maintain the Marxist ideology that every human being is infinitely good and malleable, although this notion might not effectively work either. With regard to human behavior, it is obvious that nature takes up a considerable role regulating it. Pinker might be extremely right when he argues that individuals never get into this world in the form of ‘bank slates’. Moreover, the words ‘bad’ or ‘good are so superficial and vague that they cannot do individuals any real service. On the other hand, Left-Libertarians, anarchists together with other progressives joined hands with cognitive theorists in effectively agreeing that human beings are neither bad nor good, and that they are a combination of nurture and nature, and that under particular conditions, certain human adaptations (or traits) might effectively emerge penultimate. This, therefore, signifies the fact that every violence related activity is often fueled by both the nature of human beings together with the environmental influences that surround him (Alcock, 2001). Yet the classical realist conception’s legacy of an extreme aggressive and egoistic humanity may still be reflected within the several distinct ways within contemporary international relations. An individualistic and competitive view regarding human nature still appears to underlie a variety of arguments regarding international politics, informing the ultimate, key security dilemma concept. Because humans are often viewed as lustful towards power, as well as individual desires and gains, no group or individual may be secure from others’ threat. These others might be distinct, foreign, and alien and could thus be considered as opposed. Within the state system and the contemporary international politics, business as usual depends on the difference demonization and the expulsion and rejection of the other so as to reify borders and foster national identity. Although several human nature theorists strive to bring their ideology to table regarding the inner being that exhibits activities that relate to violence, none of them compares to Pinker, a master phrase-turner, as well as a handy individual with regard to concepts (Dawkins, 1981). He makes use of the gear concept to explain the fact that a gene, which disrupts a mental capability does not need to be defective; in a similar way, genes can effectively impact on the number of complex traits within humans. He, therefore, concludes that genes have the ability to result to a variety of social disruptions. According to him, these genes might be hereditary or acquired through transfusions (1981). Pinker effectively concentrates on three distinct ideological myths or dogma, which inform all academic theories regarding the human nature. First the notion of the blank slate that addresses the fact that the environment is the key impact to human nature (e. g. violence activities); often, lip service is accorded to innate structure, although after that, anything could be extremely possible to the unlimited ability of human brain to learn as long as the right environment is accorded. Second is the ghost within the machine that explains that the mind, soul and psyche are distinct from brain, body and matter (Dawkins, 1981). Often, this always attains a reference of dualism; it effectively sets up an extreme distinction between psychology-neurology, mind-brain, man-animal etc. This could be said to be among the considerable disasters of the western thought, and often gets into the way of human happiness. The third notion addresses the idea of romantics or savage, which claims that natural things are often good and unblemished as long as they are not tainted by the society. With this regard, Pinker explains that every individual human is responsible for his activities without any particular influence from the environment (Carl, 1991). It could then be argued after reading Fry’s piece that there could be extremely something distinct within nomadic hunters and gatherers than within states or chiefdoms that might lead individuals to ever increasing warfare and violence. Cognitive theories maintain that all human attributes and behavior including violent attributes are often learned via interaction with the entire social environment. The theorists assert that individuals are never born with any violent dispositions. Rather, they often acquire information and learn to act and think violently from their daily experiences. Proponents to the behaviorist tradition insist that these experiences might incorporate the observations made to friends and families being rewarded for their absolute violent tendencies, or even making observations regarding the media glorification of violence. For instance studies about family life exhibit the fact that aggressive children always reflect the behaviors or attributes of their parents. Several studies have also revealed that individuals who live within violent prone communities often learn to reflect the aggressive nature of their neighbors. Cognitive theorists have effectively argued that the following factors aid in yielding violent behaviors and wars: 1. A stressful stimulus or event- like a challenge, assault or threat. 2. Aggressive techniques or skills acquired through continuously observing others’ behavioral tendencies. 3. The belief that violence or aggression may be socially rewarded (for example by earning other individuals’ praise, providing material goods, enhancing self esteem or reducing frustration). 4. An extreme value system, which condones violent and aggressive acts in particular social contexts. Earlier, empirical tests to these four principles were perceived as promising (Bartol, 2002). Due to this, behavioral theory contributed directly to the effective development and integration of social learning, deviance theories, among the most influential and significant of all known criminological theories may be subject to detailed discussions within the report titled: Social Learning and Violence.

Act 2, Scene 3 of A Raisin in the Sun

Act 2, Scene 3 of 'A Raisin in the Sun' Explore this plot summary and study guide for Lorraine Hansberrys play, A Raisin in the Sun, which provides an overview of Act Two, Scene Three. One Week Later - Moving Day Scene Three of the second act of A Raisin in the Sun takes place a week after the events of Scene Two. It is moving day for the Younger family. Ruth and Beantha are making last minute preparations before the movers arrive. Ruth recounts how she and her husband, Walter Lee, went to a movie the previous evening - something they have not done in a very long time. The romance in the marriage seems to have been rekindled. During and after the movie, Ruth and Walter held hands. Walter enters, filled with happiness and anticipation. In contrast to previous scenes during the play, Walter now feels empowered - as though he is finally steering his life in its proper direction. He plays an old record and dances with his wife as Beneatha pokes fun at them. Walter jokes with his sister (Beneatha aka Bennie), claiming that she is too obsessed with civil rights: WALTER: Girl, I do believe you are the first person in the history of the entire human race to successfully brainwash yourself. The Welcoming Committee The doorbell rings. As Beneatha opens the door, the audience is introduced to Mr. Karl Lindner. He is a white, bespectacled, middle-aged man who has been sent from Clybourne Park, the soon-to-be neighborhood of the Younger family. He asks to speak with Mrs. Lena Younger (Mama), but since she is not home, Walter says that he handles most of the family business. Karl Lindner is the chairman of a welcoming committee - an association that not only welcomes newcomers, but that also deals with problematic situations. Playwright Lorraine Hansberry describes him in the following stage directions: He is a gentle man; thoughtful and somewhat labored in his manner. (Note: In the film version, Mr. Lindner was played by John Fiedler, the same actor who provided the voice of Piglet in Disneys Winnie the Pooh cartoons. Thats how timid he is meant to seem.) Yet, despite his gentle mannerisms, Mr. Lindner represents something very insidious; he symbolizes a large portion of 1950s society who were believed they were not overtly racist, yet quietly allowed racism to thrive within their community. Eventually, Mr. Lindner reveals his purpose. His committee wants their neighborhood to remain segregated. Walter and the others become very upset by his message. Sensing their disturbance, Lindner hurriedly explains that his committee wants to buy the new house from the Youngers, so that the black family will make a healthy profit in the exchange. Walter is dismayed and insulted by Lindners proposition. The chairman leaves, sadly saying, You just cant force people to change their hearts son. Directly after Lindner exits, Mama and Travis enter. Beneatha and Walter teasingly explain that the Welcoming Committee of Clybourne Park cant hardly wait to see Mamas face. Mama eventually gets the jest, though she does not find it amusing. They wonder why the white community is so against living next to a black family. RUTH: You should hear the money those folks raised to buy the house from us. All we paid and then some. BENEATHA: What they think we going to do - eat em? RUTH: No, honey, marry em. MAMA: (Shaking her head.) Lord, Lord, Lord... Mama's Houseplant The focus of Act Two, Scene Three of A Raisin in the Sun shifts to Mama and her houseplant. She prepares the plant for the big move so that it wont get hurt in the process. When Beneatha asks why Mama would want to keep that raggedy-looking old thing, Mama Younger replies: It expresses me. This is Mamas way of recalling Beneathas tirade about self-expression, but it also reveals the affinity Mama feels for the enduring houseplant. And, even though the family may joke about the ragged condition of the plant, the family strongly believes in Mamas ability to nurture. This is evident by the Moving Day gifts they bestow upon her. In the stage directions, the gifts are described as: a brand new sparkling set of tools and a wide gardening hat. The playwright also notes in the stage directions that these are the first presents Mama has received outside of Christmas. One might think that the Younger clan is on the cusp of a prosperous new life, but there is yet another knock at the door. Walter Lee and the Money Filled with nervous anticipation, Walter eventually opens the door. One of his two business partners stands before him with a sobering expression. His name is Bobo; the absent business partner is named Willy. Bobo, in quiet desperation, explains the distressing news. Willy was supposed to meet Bobo and travel to Springfield to quickly obtain a liquor license. Instead, Willy stole all of Walters investment money, as well as Bobos life savings. During Act Two, Scene Two, Mama entrusted $6500 to her son, Walter. She instructed him to place three thousand dollars in a savings account. That money was meant for Beneathas college education. The remaining $3500 was for Walter. But Walter didnt just invest his money he gave all of it to Willy, including Beneathas portion. When Bobo reveals the news of Willys betrayal (and Walters decision to leave all of the money in the hands of a con-artist), the family is devastated. Beneatha is filled with rage, and Walter is wroth with shame. Mama snaps and repeatedly hits Walter Lee in the face. In a surprise move, Beneatha actually stops her mothers assault. (I say surprise move because I expected Beneatha to join in!) Finally, Mama wanders around the room, recalling how her husband had worked himself to death (and all apparently for naught.) The scene ends with Mama Younger looking up to God, asking for strength.

Development of Professionalism in new Registered Nurses Essay

Development of Professionalism in new Registered Nurses - Essay Example A welldressed appearance tends to convey a higher level of knowledge and a sincere interest in advancement; on the other hand, a disheveled worker gives the impression of being a disinterested, marginal performer (Townsel, 1996). In general, some registered nurses (RNs) have been perceived to be relatively unconcerned about first impressions because their employers often have policies that dictate dress codes and behaviors (Sullivan, 2004). As nurses move toward a professional practice, they are becoming more cognizant of how their appearance, behavior, and communication influence the first impressions of others. The first impression should be positive, communicating a message to others about the self. Initially, it communicates how the nurse feels and respects the self. Projecting a positive image communicates that the nurse cares about herself or himself; therefore, the impression is that he or she will "take good care of me." While the primary concern of the nurse may not be about projecting a positive image, first impressions are an important foundation in building a trusting relationship in a society that values physical appearance (Arnold & Boggs, 2004; Navarra, Lipkowitz, & Navarra, 1990; Sullivan, 2004). Business professionals have known for years that professional image is an important aspect to success. Numerous books and articles have been written about business attire and social skills. The closing of a business deal often relies on the relationships rather than the performance of excellent work. Because health care is a form of business, successful professionals must attract a s table, growing patient population in order to survive. Physicians have known for a long time that developing relationships with patients and projecting a positive public image helps build a practice; however, this may be a new experience for the entry-level nurse. Most nurses are institutional employees, but this does not change their professional status of responsibility and visibility. Nurses must consider the importance of the first impression, whether it is during their day-today practice, a job interview, a meeting, or a presentation. Additionally, nurses have an integral role in health care delivery in the United States, and they need to create a positive public image individually and collectively. Appearance, behavior, and communication have a cumulative effect on the professional image. The purpose of this article is todiscuss the nurse's professional appearance, and behaviors relevant to securing a position, making a professional presentation, or participating in meetings. Historical Perspective Historically, dress and behavior for students and practicing nurses were dictated strongly by dress codes and strict disciplinary protocols developed by hospital administrators in charge of nurses (Kalisch & Kalisch, 1996). Personality may have had little opportunity to emerge from the starch white uniforms and pulled back hair donned in a white cap (Arnold & Boggs, 2004; Sullivan, 2004). However, times have changed; most nursing students today are thrilled with the independence and career opportunities that have evolved for nurses at multiple levels, including those in advanced practice nursing. As the professional nursing arena

Socrates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Socrates - Essay Example Socrates was a Greek philosopher, whereas Cicero was a Roman rhetor. Socrates was born in 469 BC, while Cicero was born in 106 BC, so these philosophers expressed their wisdom in different epochs. They both used dialogues as a narrative and a polemical form to develop the state of mind of their students. Socratic dialogues criticized practices of the society, and it appeared that Socrates pretended to undermine undoubtful opinions of his students. On the other hand, Socrates and Cicero imposed different arguments to provide an understanding on the subject of justice. Therefore, 'Crito' implicated a hypothesis on a problem whether philosophers' escapes from jails would have been defined as an act of justice. Furthermore, Cicero analyzed the duties of justice from two relevant perspectives. According to him, justice must have been treated with only a respect for humanity. At the same time, he defined justice as not causing harm to any individual; analogically, Cicero forbade to lay a c laim on property that belonged to another person. Socrates and Cicero both stated that justice was a key virtue in the society. These philosophers had a clear opinion that justice dealt with matters relating to an idea of fairness (Cicero, 20; Jowett, 4). For instance, Cicero stated that righteous behaviour was a key ingredient of justice. According to the rhetor, meritocracy deserved to be extremely important for a justice' hegemony in the society. In order to achieve meritocracy, people needed to abide the laws that were issued in their community. From the other perspective, Socrates refused to escape from prison stating that this possible action of him must have been regarded as being totally unjust. He assumed that escaping from prison was equal to injuring the laws of Athens (Jowett, 5). Philosopher believed that escaping from prison would have been a case of returning an injustice for an injustice. Socrates and Cicero both believed that justice dealt with an idea of fairness. Therefore, Cicero argued that abiding the rule of law ensured equal distribution of rights in the society (Cicero, 21). Similarly, just law promoted fairness. In fact, these philosophers stated that justice demanded that people got what they truly deserved (Cicero, 20; Jowett, 2). Socrates always explained that emotions could alter one's judgement when deciding between a just decision and an unjust decision, because emotions could force an individual to commit an act of injustice. So, Socrates denied Crito’s plan to help him in a form of escaping from the gail. But, Crito forced a thesis that the philosopher's escape would have been just because the sentence he faced in Athens was injust. Socrates answered that justice at all time involved facing a fair trial and getting a fair sentence afterwards. He stated that although his sentence was unjust he had an obligation to obey the laws of Athens (Jowett, 12). He argued that his duty to Athens was to accept the sentence. Generall y, Socrates and Cicero acknowledged that the laws served interests of the people and they did not subjugate to desires of the prominent leaders of demos or populi Roma (Cicero, 35; Jowett, 15). Then, Socrates said that justice was all about fulfilling one's obligation; for example, when an individual had a debt the just thing to do was to return the debt in time. He strongly discouraged people from viewing justice as a punishment or a revenge. According to the philosopher, retaliation was unacceptable. Analogically, philosopher considered retaliation as a wrong way of justifying his escape from the gail; according to Socrates, act of retaliation, as a rule, resulted in harming another individual. He argued that if in the process of seeking justice one ended up harming another person, then the person seeking justice was committing an injustice (Jowett, 13). From Crito’s view (when planning Socrates' escape), every philosopher was supposed to fight against the unjust sentence. Then, Socrates stated that retaliation against the unjust

Systems and Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Systems and Operations Management - Essay Example The company has had steady and consistent growth over years with growing and expanding customer base to Perth, Sydney and Canberra. It is aligned to the path of progress, increasing market share and sustainability of the business. The company has come of age through trial and error, occasionally faced by challenges ranging from changing business practices and customer desires. The growth has been informed by good business acumen of the founder, Lachlan Atokowa. The vision was in wealth accumulation and running a professional enterprise. The company has been able to command a good market by leveraging on the market potential and customer friendly prices and products. The company capitalizes on good business thriftiness and radical process change to ensure customer requirements are met. The company is currently in the process of reviewing its growth potential and increasing customer satisfaction by addressing their needs effectively. In doing so, the company will inspect the ingredient s of production like the inputs, process and outputs. Customer satisfaction will be attained by the company through meeting their requirements. The company will conduct verification, audit and inspection of its processes by undertaking data collection which will involve getting the responses of the customers about the products, customer handling and the effectiveness of the delivery process. This study will advise on what best to the process can be done in order increase process efficiency and effectiveness which will consequently increase the market share, increase dividends to shareholders and improve on customer satisfaction. The results will be tremendous as company long term survival, assured employment, greater market share and sustainability. The recommendations made regarding the change of process will ultimately change the effectiveness of operations and efficiency of the product life cycle. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 6 2. ANALYSIS OF SYSTEMS AND OPERATIONS 6 i) Prod uct design and conceptualization 6 Fig. 1: Illustration of Atokowa product cycle 7 2.2 Listing objectives, likely risks and key controls areas in the process 8 2.3 Risks identified with Atokowa process and operations 8 Table 1: Risks identified with Atokowa process and operations 8 2.4 Atokowa process control 9 2.4.1 Process control tools 9 2.4.2Process Profile Work Sheet 10 Table 1: Atokowa process profile worksheet 10 2.4.3 Atokowa process analysis 11 2.5 Decision Hierarchy Models 11 2.5.1 Processes requiring improvement 12 Fig. 2: Atokowa process improvement tree 12 2.5.2 Atokowa process prioritization 13 Table 2: Atokowa process prioritization 13 2.5.3 Problem Identification 14 Figure 3: Atokowa decision process development 17 3.0 Conclusion 17 4.0 Recommendations 17 References 22 LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 1: Atokowa product system life cycle 7 Fig. 2: Atokowa process improvement tree 12 Figure 3: Atokowa decision process development 17 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Risks identified with A tokowa process and operations 8 Table 1: Atokowa process profile worksheet 10 Table 2: Atokowa process prioritization 13 1. INTRODUCTION Atokowa Company has a commitment to review its production processes as a means to exploit new business opportunities and market advantage. It is engaged in carrying out an effective analysis of a business process that should take into consideration the business’

Successful Coaching Of Jose Mourinho

Successful Coaching Of Jose Mourinho Jose Mourinho is known as a no-nonsense football coach that carry out his role based his vast experience, supreme knowledge, principal values, valuable opinions and strong beliefs. His coaching philosophy is not only based during field play but also during training. His coaching philosophy during field play is as such: Football possession is not important, (Knowing himself) Winning a football match is more important than playing a nice and good football, (Knowing his strengths) Defending is a team exercise instead of individuals. (Knowing his weakness) He does not expect any egos from his players but only himself. (Knowing himself) As for football training, his coaching philosophy is as following: He emphasize that his players to put in a lot efforts during training, (Knowing his goals) He has detailed a plan, in the beginning of the season, (Knowing his obstacles) He concentrated his football training on tactical idea, this is the backbone of his whole training process. Those tactical ideas includes how to do pressing, when to do pressing, transition, ball possession, positional play, (Knowing athletes ability) Only after tactical training is done, then he will do physical, psychological aspects for the players. (Knowing his athletes weakness) In the nutshell, Jose Mourinhos philosophy of football, he likes to put up a wining team, but not a playing nice football team. Opinions about the use of coaching philosophy to the students A coach is a role model and teacher for his students. He uses his set of principles as a reference to conduct his lesson for his students. With a good philosophy, the coach is able to know himself, know his opponents and know his players, and this helps him to create a realistic, satisfying coaching roadmap for his students. The students will be rewarded in the form of improved performance and even achieve their dreams. Now, Jose Mourinho is in Real Madrid, he using his philosophy to guide Real Madrid to win the next Champion League. Is the coachs philosophy that directs the coachs everyday life thinking and actions? No. As mentioned, many coaches will agree that they will put in more efforts like time and attention to those less skilled players, but in reality only the best players will be get the most playing time, most rewards and attention. However, if there are extra resources, like more than 1 coaches in the team and more than 1 training courts. The team can be splits into small groups like what Jose Mourinho does. The head coach himself will coach the better ones, and the other coaches can train the not so good ones. Coaching Styles Jose Mourinho is more an autocratic, regimented style of coach. He likes the direct involvement with the players, deploying his football methodology, practicing the exercises, and the development of football ideas. He deploys has his own respect agenda, if any of the players dont follow them, they will be asked to leave. Example, Adrian Mutu a Chelsea player, was sacked by him in 2004 when he was found taking cocaine. He likes his players to feel pressured, he made his players to be aware that there is competition in every position in the first eleven. Jose Mourinho has recently became the head coach of Real Madrid, and immediately he has built sleeping quarters to put in at the clubs Valdabebas training facilities, he wants his players to stay at the facility instead of going home after morning and afternoon training sessions. He expects a 100% turn up for both morning and afternoon training including the star players. He had removed the areas designated for player-fan interaction. Players will be expected to train only while at the training facility. He also has insisted that Pedro Leon and Sergio Canales, players purchased from Getafe and Racing Santander respectively, not to be loaned back to their old clubs. Does the coach possess more than a coaching style No, Jose Mourinho is detrimentally rigid. My opinions on his coaching styles. Jose Mourinho is my idol. He is a ruthless, fear-inducing, respect-commanding coach. Even though, he did not become a top player, but he studies football, sports science and methodology, and on reaching a 34 age, he decided to be coach, and to be involved in football. He picked up his football techniques from a very good football instructor in Scotland, Andy Rocburgh, but more importantly he followed and understudied from the 2 legend football coaches, Bobby Robson and Louis van Gaal back in Sporting Libson. Both as manager of FC Porto and Chelsea, Jose Mourinho love to uses 4-5-1 in his football tactics. His tactics is relying on strong defensive line-ups and an good holding midfielder, while the attack, he relied on a hard-working front man and a goal-scorer in midfield. As observed, he is definitely an autocratic coach. He does not like non senses from his players. He is very focus on his job, especially on wining, he works 12 hour a day and he expects his players also. He is self confidence that close to arrogance. He lack of respect to opponent also. The Roles of a Coach The primary role of Jose Mourinho just like any other football coach is to assist his football players in developing to their full potential. He is responsible for training players by analyzing their performance, provide correction in the relevant skills and by providing encouragement, if possible to guide players in their life also. Hence, the coach needs to wear many type of hats, he need to act as instructor, assessor, friend, mentor, facilitator, chauffeur, demonstrator, adviser, supporter, fact finder, motivator, counselor, organizer, planner and the Fountain of all Knowledge. Does the coach behaviour influence the students character? How can the coach help in students character development? Communication Skills techniques in coaching The reasons the coach needs to communicate to his player because he wants to give instruction, disseminate vital information, to tell his players not to make the same mistakes, to motivate the team spirit and to give feedback to his players. Generally, there are only 2 ways that a football coach can communicate to his players on the field, either using verbal or non verbal. In the case of Jose Mourinho, he is able to speak 17 languages and knows when to which language to tell his foreign players in his team what to do. Positive feedback is also needed during coaching sessions, everyone wants to be praised and be recognized, Joes Mourinho always do it by hugging, touching his players heads if they wins the match. During training, Jose Mourinho always split his players into groups based on condition, amount of playing time, so that he can give all players in their training groups same attention. Motivation Skills Jose Mourinho is a good motivator in team-motivated environment. He always emphasize that there is only 1 common goal in the team, it is to win many tropes (extrinsic: material reforcers). All players in the team must support each other until success is achieved (intrinsic), everyone care (intrinsic) for each other until success is achieved. For example, when the team wins a match, he will walk towards the pitch to congratulate all his players, by the act of hugging, touching their heads (extrinsic: social reinforcers). Jose Mourinho said that he likes players who love to win and he wants them to win not in 90 minutes but every day, training session and moment in their lives. Motivation strategies Jose Mourinho, the Special One brought in the togetherness and team spirit for the team under his charge. Below are some the strategies used by him: To develop a healthy environment by promoting humor and entertainment football sessions, e.g he used small-sided games to develop technical, tactical and fitness elements. To share the cup of tea with all team members. Jose Mourinho always seems moving from club to club, and undertakes new teams. When he tells the new team about his past wining trophies experiences of how to beat all obstacles and tough times to reach the final. This will motivate the new team like Real Madrid, and help build an even stronger team. To avoid any kind of disagreement and miscommunication as these can lead hamper the feeling of oneness. As reported, Jose Mourinho hates to speak about players individually, he only reports about team performance.

Jean Paul Sartres No Exit And Its Existentialist Themes Essays

Jean Paul Sartre's No Exit And Its Existentialist Themes I would like to take this opportunity to discuss Jean Paul Sartre's philosophy and it's integration into his play "No Exit". Embedded within the character interactions are many Sartrean philosophical themes. Personal attributes serve to demonstrate some of the more dominant ideas in Sartre's writings. Each of the three characters in the play show identifiable characteristics of sexual perversion, bad faith, and interactions of consciousness.This play takes an interesting setting, that of the afterlife. The plot centers around three main characters, Joseph Garcin, Estelle Rigault and Inez Serrano. Hell, as portrayed in this work, is no more than a room with three couches and Second Empire decorum. There are no mirrors, no windows, no books, generally no form of amusement. Some very human privileges that we take for granted have also been taken away: sleep, tears, and even momentary reprieves of blinking. Each of the three characters is introduced into the room by a surprisingly polite Valet. Initial confrontations are "uncomfortable", each person knowing that he/she is deceased, but they are not impolite. However, as the true reasons why each person has been sentenced to Hell are revealed, the true nature of the place takes shape. Rather than try to explain the chronological progression of the play, I would rather take each character and their opinions individually in an attempt to highlight what I believe are the important parts. The first person to appear in the play is Mr.Garcin. At first glance, he is a very polite, gentlemanly, and moral individual. However, the further into the play that we read, we find that he is none of these things. Instead, he represents some of the worst ails that afflict humankind (according to Sartre). He was graced with a wife that loved him unconditionally, and he loathed for no other reason. In fact, one the first memories that he has of her is how "she got on his nerves". There is one story that is obviously intended to shock the reader, and provide a good interpretation of Garcin's true character. He states:"Well here's something you can get your teeth into. I brought a half-caste girl to stay in our house. My wife slept upstairs; she must have heard - everything. She was an early riser and, as I and the girl stayed in bed late, she served us our... ...tolen away their ability to close their eyes. There is no way to turn off the sinks! Oaklander gives us a good description of the system, and how it applies to this situation:Rather it appears that the world has a kind of drain hole in the middle of its being and that it is perpetually flowing off through this hole. The universe, the flow, and the drain hole are all once again recovered, reapprehended, and fixed as an object. All this is there for me as a partial structure in the world, even though the total disintegration of the universe is involved. Moreover these disintegrations may often be contained within more narrow limits.. (Oaklander, pg. 284)In conclusion, Jean Paul Sartre takes less than fifty pages to materialize his existentialist ideas for the stage. He has given us interpretations of sexual desire, bad faith, and conscious interactions. As a note: I truly believe that this play could be analyzed on an even deeper level. Each comment could be dissected and applied to part of Sartre's theory. However, this scope was limited to stay within the bounds of this paper. Works Cited Sartre, Jean Paul. No Exit and Three Other Plays. 1944. NY: Vintage Books, 1989.

Differentiate between grievance and discipline Essay

Organization’s effectiveness is based on its culture and management practice structure that lead towards maintaining the harmony of organizational performance and regulating the behavior and attitude of its employees. Managers are required to maintain the workplace environment through identifying the potential weak areas that lead towards in-disciplinary behaviors of employees. Discipline at workplace helps control and normalize the behavior of employees through various procedures. Company may use strict disciplinary actions to make employees conform their actions to the expectations of management or may go for group norm pressure to standardize employees’ behavior. Manager’s role is critical in such situation as it places great responsibility on him for leading the employees for subsequent higher performance. Manager may exercise strict rules to align the behavior of employees that are accompanied by penalties/punishment sanctions on employees. Corporate culture understanding needs to clearly convey towards employees for productive group behavior. However, it has been observed that sometimes strict discipline also leads towards lower performance affecting the organizational effectiveness. Inequality among employees concerning rewards and treatment b management result in great dissatisfaction; discipline actions when over exhibited on some people, it lead towards discriminatory behavior. Grievance is therefore a mechanism to present the viewpoint to senior management concerning the inequality and inappropriateness of disciplinary actions of organization. Discipline is thus a set of actions to regulate and standardize the employee attitude & behavior, whereas grievance is a procedure to report the injustice and inequality being faced by employees to higher decision making authority. Organizational justice framework is based on these two components that enable managers to figure out the sources that lead towards grievance in employees. Discipline helps organizations maintain the harmony and effectiveness of workplace environment; rules, policies and standard procedures enables regulate the employee behavior and maintain organization culture. Inequality in organizational culture and inability of management to provide diverse workplace environment either due to stereotypical response towards a particular group or restricting the decisions only to a particular group referring to nepotism. Incompetence of organizational framework to manage the situations and employees behavior results in discrimination and group based structure in employees for the protection of their rights. Union based culture is more common in government managed organization where employees have joined separate unions for the protection of their workplace rights. Discipline requires adjustments in rules and workplace policies addressing the dimensional aspects of negligence, employee safety, incompetency, rights protection, workplace norms, and organizational culture expectations. Rules relating to employee behavior, punishment and penalties, warnings, and other organizational aspects present a clear expectation to employees related to workplace environment and operational management style. Induction of rules is necessary to be conveyed to new comers in organization so that procedural mechanism becomes clear related to employee actions, group norms, and managerial actions pertaining to employee behavior. Managers must provide employees clear insight about the work setting and organizational culture through their actions and responses towards managing the equality at workplace. Stereotypical responses by employees, and group formation based on race/ethnic rights protection in workplace that are depicted as discrimination in employee treatment, rewards and pay scale offering, and career growth opportunities restrictions to a particular group result in job dissatisfaction and reduction in organizational commitment. In such case, if an employee wants to present his viewpoints concerning inequality at workplace manager must assess the situation sensitivity and factors that lead towards grievance filing. Senior management must form a clear objective grievance channel in order to address such issues raised in organization. Management must place emphasis on fairness of decision by providing equal representation rights to employees. Procedural steps for grievance hearing and decisions must be limited to certain extent of hierarchy for increasing the response time to resolve grievance issues. Senior management can form a committee addressing grievance issues of employee having representation of lower level manager and at least one member representation from senior management holding decision making power. This leads towards maintaining organization justice and shows effectiveness of organizations structure for formalizing the framework. This way, discipline and grievance in combine are very essential component of strategic organization’s framework for justice. Manager need to maintain the discipline of employee and must equalize the grievance procedure to maintain the organizational effectiveness by providing equal opportunity to all employees to report any factors that lead towards job dissatisfaction. Complaint filing procedure formalization simplifies the ambiguity concerning the management perspective and ability of employees to report any injustice. Manipulation of rules and disciplinary actions restrict the opportunities for equality at workplace. Biased behavior results in violating the principles of flexibility and freedom of voice representation by employees. Formalizing the rules and written policy procedure strengthen the discipline at workplace that supports the organizational justice framework. Grievance procedural steps must be defined in policy structure to reduce ambiguity and providing employees opportunity to exercise their rights in situation when the confront discrimination at workplace; manager must provide support in assessing the factors viability and prospective role to minimize the arousal of such grievance factor again.

Would You Follow You Top 10 Ways to Be a LEADER

Would You Follow You Top 10 Ways to Be a LEADER Spurred in part by an exercise I did at an ActionCOACH business planning workday, I’ve been thinking a lot lately about what it means to be a leader.   My commitment is to be a great one, and I’m getting clear that in order to be successful, there are certain traits that I must possess. Here are my top ten: Deliver clear, consistent communication. Of course there are no guarantees that everyone will understand the communication the way you meant it. At least if you’re clear and consistent, you minimize the possibility of misinterpretation or gaps in the lines of command. Learn from your mistakes and miscommunications. If you keep making the same mistakes, you are not being a leader. You are just being insane. Learning from your mistakes requires a willingness to self-evaluate, and a commitment to the utmost integrity. Be charismatic. What this means is to be present in the moment.   Show up as who you are and not the way you think you should be. Charisma also requires a sense of humor! Be unstoppable. Obstacles and challenges are bound to arise.   If you stop to carefully examine the obstacle you will not get past it.   Keep looking toward your goals, and obstacles will have nothing on you. Have vision. Know why you are doing what you are doing, and have it be about something or someone other than you (or money).   Vision will help you be unstoppable and inspiring. Be inspiring. Ask yourself, â€Å"Would you follow you?† If the answer is no, â€Å"Stop, drop and roll† and get yourself back in alignment.   Get yourself to â€Å"Yes.† Take action! And be the inspiring leader you know you truly are. Support the people around you. The measure of a great leader is the success of the people he or she leads. If the people around you are learning and growing, you’re doing something right. Be willing to change direction. Stubbornly charging toward a particular goal in a particular way is a recipe for disaster.   Flexibility will allow for unexpected expansion and miraculous results. Keep looking for the next way to grow. Be committed. Dabblers and dilettantes will not get very far in leading anyone.   Leaders can be counted on to be 100% in the game and to ride out the ups and downs. Know that it’s a game, and play full-out. Play a BIG game.   That way if you win, you win, and if you lose, you win. Looking at my list, I notice there are places where I’m right on, and others where there is a gap between where I am and where I want to be.   This is good news!   I get to learn and grow and always strive to more fully embody the qualities of a leader. What do you see for yourself in this list? Please share in the comments below. Category:UncategorizedBy Brenda BernsteinJuly 25, 2011 14 Comments Samuel M Bragg says: July 26, 2011 at 8:53 am This post is a wonderful map for the many facets of any personal endeavor. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: July 26, 2011 at 11:05 am I like the concept of a map Samuel. A map gives you the route from where you are to where you want to be. If you can identify the beginning and endpoints then a map is the tool you need! Log in to Reply Sarah P. Miller says: July 26, 2011 at 10:18 am Great list! I especially love 4, 7, and 8. Im going to print this out and post it somewhere where I see it every day. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: July 26, 2011 at 11:04 am Thanks Sarah! Im glad to be making a permanent impact on your life and hopefully on the lives of other people who read this post. Looks like #7 (Support the people around you) is my attribute of the day! Log in to Reply Marcia B says: July 26, 2011 at 12:52 pm People have always looked to me to be a leader, and this piece captivated me in its extraordinarily concise power and clarity. Before reading it, I would think back to times when I had assumed leadership gracefully, seamlessly, or with the poise of a loud-mouthed klutz. I would ask myself what it was that made the difference between my being effective or ineffective in my various roles as a leader, and I would unsuccessfully pretend to avoid assigning blame to circumstances, myself or other people. What I have as a result of your article is (1) a map that redefines the points in my life where Ive shown up as a leader in all my glory of effectiveness or lack of same and (2) a key to areas of my leadership that I choose to revisit with new eyes and fresh energy. Thank you for this gift. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: July 27, 2011 at 4:13 pm Thanks Michael! Its true that obstacles need to be handled and not ignored. Where we can get in trouble is by becoming so fascinated by the problem that it becomes our goal, causing us to stop pursuing the goal we had in mind in the first place. We also often make the obstacle a lot bigger and more complicated than it really is! When we keep looking toward our vision, it becomes much easier to blast through the challenges that come in our way. Log in to Reply lynda says: August 5, 2011 at 3:36 pm Great Post on leadership.. I will cut and paste and review on occasion. thanks. and NO whining.. could be added.. sometimes I feel like whining and I have to remember to smack myself. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: August 5, 2011 at 4:02 pm I love the NO whining rule Lynda. Thank you for the addition!! Log in to Reply Sandra McLeod Humphrey says: August 5, 2011 at 5:52 pm Great post and I agree with all your pointsespecially the commitment. The charisma is definitely important, but thats a little tougher to define or objectifysome people just have more inherent charisma naturally. Ill be back again! Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: August 5, 2011 at 7:11 pm Thanks Sandra. I believe that charisma can be learned and developed, if you define it as being yourself and being present. You might be surprised how many people who think they dont have charisma are just holding back from being themselves! Log in to Reply Leanne Hoagland-Smith says: August 6, 2011 at 12:02 pm Using an acronym for MAP My Action Plan not only sets the vision as where to go as a leader, but provides the steps to get there. Peter Drucker said Leadership was all about results. I have amended that definition as follows: Leadership is all about consistently achieving the predetermined results by the demonstration of behaviors that are in alignment with clearly articulated positive core values. Great 10 points, thanks for sharing, Leanne Hoagland-Smith Author of Be the Red jacket in a Sea of Gray Suits Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: August 6, 2011 at 12:22 pm Thanks Leeanne. Its so true that leadership, while producing results, is about so much more. It really is a way of being. You remind me of the 80-20 rule for results: 80% being, 20% doing. Log in to Reply Susan Thomson says: August 29, 2011 at 6:20 pm Bravo Brenda! Id also add that being a great leader is a never-ending quest. The more I learn, the more I realize how much I still have to learn! And learning is part of the fun! Thanks for a great post! Susan Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: August 29, 2011 at 9:20 pm Absolutely Susan. The world keeps changing and as leaders we need to change and learn along with it. Thank you for your comment! Log in to Reply

English media Essays

English media Essays English media Essay English media Essay The media is a way to inform and entertain people. Media is very important it allows us to get information. There are many different types of media such as; * Film * Radio * Newspaper * Internet Films have always had a major impact on peoples lives and is also historically important. For example during the first world war films would allow people to get information about the war seen as many people couldnt read or write and didnt own a radio, so the cinema allowed them to find out more things. In the second world war it was used to escape from reality because many peoples lives were horrible because of bombs dropping, their families fighting and paranoia of someone you would talk to was a spy. It also showed propaganda adverts and Pathà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ news, seen as many people still couldnt read. There wasnt any television so people went to the cinema. When videos arrived there was a decline of the use of cinemas because cinemas were expensive and took a longer time that videos. Now the use of cinemas is rising because there is a wider range of films and people want to relax from the stresses of work. A good quote about the cinema is, Cinema is the most beautiful fraud in the world. Jean-Lu Godard, this means that cinemas are fake and arent real but represent things that are real. It also shows that films are meant to be enjoyed more that they are meant to be believed. Cinemas have an important impact on peoples lives. They are needed for escaping reality and for entertainment. Films are larger than life and in many ways arent realistic. They are visually and audially exciting and allows you to create things that would only happen in films by using many special effects. There are many different genres of films such as romance, thriller, action and comedy These all focus at different age groups, genders and peoples opinions, they also try to make you express different feelings. Films are sold through advertising which can be found everywhere from posters to television adverts. Popular actors sell the film as well because people will go to a film is there is an actor in the film, that they have enjoyed their films in the past. Films are set out to make a profit but they lose a lot of money through actors. Because of the loss of money films make money through merchandise. Disney does this by giving away free childrens toys in fast food restaurants, this encourages people to go and see the film and then eat after it so the child will have a souvenir. I personally like horror films because it creates and unrealistic mood that would only happen in films, it also allows you to encounter a experience that wouldnt happen in real life. I dont like romance because I feel they show similar things in each film. There are many elements that make up a film such as costumes, soundtracks, etc. The soundtrack is sometimes something we could relate to if it is a modern film. Sound also creates a certain mood in a scene if something is scary then there would be scary music, to suit it. Costumes can make you have certain opinions about characters. They create an image for the character and their clothes usually suit their personality. Props can make you imagine certain things about a character or make a scene more effective. In the making of a film there are many more people involved than we think. For example writers, even though the script was already wrote they still had to check and edit parts of it. The director makes sure the film runs smoothly and supervises the film. The people who make the costumes have to do a lot of research to make sure the costumes represent the time, place and character. The editor has a few different shots of the same scene and has to pick the one that fits best with the film then edits it. The prop manager have to make sure all of the props look good in the film and make sure they look realistic. There is also many more people invoked. Luhrmann wanted the film to be set in Miami because of the gangster resemblance. But they couldnt film in Miami because of film prices and the amount of people there so they decided to film in Mexico. Luhrmann chose Mexico because it symbolised a place far away. The film borrows diverse styles from the 1940s, 70s and 90s to create the impact it had. They had many ideas of what they wanted the actors to look like, and went around looking for similar people. They chose a famous person to be in the film because it bring familiarity and makes people want to see it if they are in it. They chose the actress they did to play Juliet because she looks like someone you could know. Costumes help with the meaning and understanding of the character, it also tells a story about them. The costumes they chose symbolised the characters and showed their attitudes through their clothes, the words said can also been shown through the costumes, because people might struggle with the language. At the beginning there is a television screen with bright luminous green writing, this is to make it stand out more and attract your attention. The use of a television screen at the beginning make it seem more real by showing the news. It starts to say the prologue and by putting it as news make it seem more modern and you believe what is being said is the truth. The screen zooms into show that what is being said on the television is important. At the eng of the prologue there is loud modern day sounds and is moving to the action. The music is loud and dramatic. The camera technique is used to make you think that your in a helicopter and your going over the city. The title which says romeo and juliet is white and is on a black background, this is used to make the words stand out. White is also used to show their innocence and love. There is a red cross in between the two names, this symbolises the hate between the two families and could also symbolise the religious cross. In the name s there is bullet holes this represents the fighting between the families. The film introduces the parents of Romeo and Juliet by making it look like something on the news where it flashes up and they begin to speak. Over the images of fighting there is words that link to it speaking of the violence. This violence is shown to make you realise that they have been fighting for a long time. You first get introduced to the Montague boys by having brightly coloured clothes and hair, loud music and they are shouting at the camera. The camera angle is close up to their faces to make you feel more involved. Both of the families have personalised number plates, which shows they like to show off their wealth. Everything the Montague boys are wearing is bright, they are also driving a bright yellow car which shows they are wild and dangerous. They also have loud music which shows they like to draw attention to themselves, and dont care what other people think of them. When they first get to the petrol station, this is where the action at the beginning takes place, the camera angle is jerky this is to keep the story going and to show the fast movement. Luhrmann first introduces the Capulet boys by making them seem dangerous and secretive by only showing their feet. Unlike the Montagues who wear brightly coloured clothes, the Capulets wear black and darker clothes. Their car is also black and is more posh than the Montagues beach car. Tybalt has spurs on his shoes which is emphasised to make him seem in charge and dangerous. Luhrmann places a ladies collage bus between the two cars, this allows the two families not to be able to see each other. The Montague boys shout at the ladies collage, which shows they are care free and dont care about the consequences. The music throughout the scene is things from a western to show there will be fighting and gun firing. Luhrmann uses lots of close ups during the scene, such as to show fear, or make someone look more dangerous when using a gun. The camera also looks up to certain characters to make them seem more scary, but also looks down on characters to make them look more scared. There are many slow motion shots this makes it seem more like a western. Luhrmann also made it so the Montagues and Capulets are never in the same shot together, this is to show the distance between the families. They use many sound effects to emphasize movements, such as the screeching and roaring of cars to make it seem faster. To make the car sound more powerful they put the sound of a pumas roar. Tybalt is very dramatic with his movements. He is always shown like a bull fighter, by him acting elegantly such as when he ripped off his shirt or when he shooting, he uses dance steps. The scene ends with fire because it shows how dangerous things have got.

Peter Berger's heretical imperative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Peter Berger's heretical imperative - Essay Example According to Berger, pluralism is â€Å"a situation in which there is competition in the institutional ordering of comprehensive meanings of everyday life† (Oldmeadow, 2010, p.33). Because of uncertainty, there are unsteady, inconsistent and erratic plausibility structures, particularly those of religion. Berger argues that religion becomes a matter of choice, which he best refers to as a â€Å"heretical imperative† (heresy). According to Peter Berger, there are three contemporary responses to the crisis that modernity thrusts religion into, which include deduction, reduction as well as induction. Berger denounces deduction, which entails the reaffirmation of influence of a sacred ritual against secular authority (Esposito, Fasching & Lewis, 2011). He also rejects reductionism, which reinterprets a sacred ritual on the basis of secular authority. In rejecting the two responses, Berger supports the third approach, which is induction. His belief is that the crisis facing religion is a product of the sterile antithesis of neo-orthodoxy and secularism (Woodhead Heelas & Martin, 2001). He believes that by shunning both deductive and reductive approaches and adopting inductive approach, the crisis can be triumphed. In The Sacred Canopy: elements of a sociological theory of religion, Berger explore the relationship between human religion and world-building. The society is presented as dialectic because it is considered as a human invention. Society is produced by man. Also, man is also portrayed as a product of the society. Society precedes human life and also succeeds it. That is, society existed before human birth and will persist after his death. Man cannot exist without society and without man, society cannot exist. This exhibits the dialectic nature of the society. Berger argues that pluralism undermines stable belief (Berger, 1979). Pluralism is the cause of secularisation. According to Berger, the basic dialectic process

The Impact of Failed States Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Impact of Failed States - Assignment Example Somalia is a relatively small country with a population of about ten million only but its location in Africa is very strategic as it straddles the Horn of Africa through which most of the worlds shipping passes through. As such, it has become a virtual pirates lair because of a failed state situation. Its proximity to the Gulf of Aden which is a maritime choke point for global trade gives the country strategic importance and requires attention from U.S. foreign policymakers. Internal problems facing Somalia today is the on-going famine because of warfare such that people have no time to devote to agriculture and food-production activities. Everything they do is related to short-term immediate survival only and there are no medium- or long-term plans. Lack of a government infrastructure can be overcome by utilizing religion (Islam) and clan ties to persuade people to band together to make their country work again as a whole Somali nation. Somalis see Islamic law as the answer but it does not mean support for terrorism and the United States must be perceptive enough to distinguish this crucial difference in crafting its policies.1 Regional problems involved the possible export of mayhem and violence to neighboring countries such as Kenya, Ethiopia and Eritrea or even a second war against Ethiopia in the future if the Islamists are not brought under control by the provisional government and United States. A dystopian Somalia can destabilize other peaceful Arab countries nearby such as Saudi Arabia. An international problem is that Somalia has become a magnet for recruits of international terrorism much like what Afghanistan was before, during the Soviet invasion of that country. Internal problems facing Afghanistan today are the lack of an effective central authority as most of the countryside are controlled by the Taliban and the lack of womens rights under its Islamic laws or sharia. Absence of government in many areas allowed the