Why do organizations continue essays

Why do organizations continue essays The world economy is moving away from the traditional economic system, where national markets were considered as distinct entities, towards a modern economic system where the national markets are merging into one huge global market. Therefore, as the development in the international business environment are forcing companies to think of the world as one vast market, the companies are being forced to set up their manufacturing and marketing facilities in different foreign countries in order to be internationally competitive. Large multinational enterprises and global organizations typically employ individuals from throughout the world. In this regard, there are in today's world a still increasing number of managers, namely expatriates, who are sent by international firms on foreign assignments to work in an overseas subsidiary for a period of time in order to broaden their horizons and to enhance their inter-cultural competence (K. Barham, 1991, pp.158 ). Nevertheless, as mentioned by J.F Hennart (1982, pp.82), operating overseas usually costs more than operating at home because a foreigner does not have the same contacts and knowledge of local customs and business practices as indigenous competitors". The potential losses associated with this latter point can be extremely costly for the ongoing success of the company. B.J. Punnett pointed out that the incremental cost (i.e., that over and above the amount incurred if the position were staffed locally) of sending an expatriate manager to a foreign location is in the vicinity of $200,000 (B.J. Punnett, 1997, pp.388). Hence the need to ensure the right people are going overseas for the right reasons at the right time is also central to the companys success. As the use of expatriates or parent-country nationals in multinational companies can seem confusing because of the cost involved in training and sending managers overseas, we therefore need...

Identifying Reading Skills Lesson Plan

Identifying Reading Skills Lesson Plan Teaching reading can be an arduous task as it is often difficult to know how to improve student skills. One of the most obvious, but I have found often unnoticed, points about reading is that there are different types of reading skills. Skimming - reading rapidly for the main pointsScanning - reading rapidly to find a specific piece of informationExtensive - reading a longer text, often for pleasure with emphasis on overall meaningIntensive reading - reading a short text for detailed information These different types of skills are used quite naturally when reading in a mother tongue. Unfortunately, when learning a second or foreign language, people tend to employ only intensive style reading skills. I have often noticed that students insist on understanding every word and find it difficult to take my advice of reading for the general idea, or only looking for required information. Students studying a foreign language often feel that if they dont understand each and every word they are somehow not completing the exercise. In order to make students aware of these different types of reading styles, I find it useful to provide an awareness-raising lesson to help them identify reading skills they already apply when reading in their native tongues. Thus, when approaching an English text, students first identify what type of reading skill needs to be applied to the specific text at hand. In this way, valuable skills, which students already possess, are easily transferred to their English reading. Aim Awareness raising about different reading styles Activity Discussion and identification of reading styles with follow-up identification activity Level Intermediate - upper intermediate Outline Ask students about what types of reading they do in their own mother tongue(s).Write different categories of written material on board. i.e. magazines, novels, train schedules, newspapers, advertising, etc.Have students describe how they go about reading each kind of material. You may want to prompt them by asking the following questions:Do you read every word in the tv schedule?Do you understand every word you read when reading a novel?What kind of clues can the presentation of the material give?How much time do you spend reading the newspaper? Do you read every single word?What kind of assumptions do you make when you read the first few lines or a headline? (i.e. Once upon a time....)How much time do you spend reading the various types of materials?Based on students answers to such questions, ask them to identify the type of skills they are using in the various reading situations.Divide students into small groups and give them the skills summary and short worksheet.Have students di scuss their opinions about the various skills required for the listed materials. Present various real world materials (i.e. magazines, books, scientific materials, computer manuals etc.) and ask students to identify the necessary skills required. Reading Styles Skimming - Reading rapidly for the main points   Scanning - Reading rapidly through a text to find specific information required Extensive - Reading longer texts, often for pleasure and for an overall understanding Intensive - Reading shorter texts for detailed information with an emphasis on precise understanding Identify the reading skills required in the following reading situations: Note: There is often not a single correct answer, several choices may be possible according to your reading purpose. If you find that there are different possibilities, state the situation in which you would use the various skills. The TV guide for Friday eveningAn English grammar bookAn article in National Geographic magazine about the Roman EmpireA good friends homepage on the InternetThe opinion page in your local newspaperThe weather report in your local newspaperA novelA poemA bus timetableA fax at the officeAn advertising email - so-called spamAn email or letter from your best friendA recipeA short story by your favourite author